Role of Hysteroscopy in the Evaluation of Infertility in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu, India: A Retrospective Study.

Infertility is a serious health issue, affecting approximately 15% of couples of reproductive age worldwide. Abnormal uterine findings have been found in 34%-62% of infertile women. This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics in Sri Maharaja Gulab Singh (SMGS) Hospital, Jammu, India, for a period of one year, from October 2022 to September 2023. A total of 120 patients with primary/secondary infertility were enrolled in the study. The patients having tubal factors of infertility, abnormal semen analysis, and ovulatory dysfunction were excluded. All these patients were subject to either hysteroscopy alone or hysteroscopy with laparoscopy. Any pathology, such as intrauterine adhesions, polyps, septum, or fibroid, was noted. Majority (58%) of the patients belonged to the age group of 20-29 years, were nulliparous (68%), and had primary infertility (68%). On hysteroscopy, the majority (52.5%) had a normal cavity, followed by intrauterine adhesions (16.66%), endometrial polyps (14.17%), endometrial hyperplasia (7.5%), submucosal fibroid (5.83%), and bicornuate uterus (3.33%). In our study, we found that 47.5% of the cases had abnormal findings that were diagnosed by hysteroscopy. It is therefore common to find any pathological finding, especially in patients with unexplained infertility. Moreover, it is quite a simple and short procedure with relatively few complications and must therefore be considered in cases of infertility.