Esters of serine and threonine in hydrolysates of histones and protamines, and attendant errors in amino acid analyses of proteins.

1. Partial acid hydrolysates of histones from various origins and of protamine were analysed by a two-dimensional ionophoretic procedure to reveal strongly acidic ninhydrin-positive components. 2. Histone fractions prepared by extraction with sulphuric acid gave rise to spots identified as serine O-sulphate and threonine O-sulphate. These two compounds, which were not found in hydrolysates of corresponding fractions prepared by extraction with hydrochloric acid, were artifacts. 3. Hydrolysis of proteins in the presence of traces of sulphate can lead to the formation of the O-sulphates of serine and threonine. This can cause errors, which may sometimes be serious, in amino acid analyses of proteins. 4. O-Phosphoserine was obtained in small amounts from some histone fractions and from protamine, but was undetectable in other histone fractions, notably those of lower lysine content.