Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 6095813 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Control of gene expression by glucocorticoid hormones.

The Biochemical journal ·Vol. 224 ·No. 1 ·1984-11-15 ·Pages 1-12

Rousseau GG

Abstract

Glucocorticoids control the expression of a small number of transcriptionally active genes by increasing or decreasing mRNA concentration. Either effect can result from a transcriptional or a post-transcriptional mechanism. Induction of mouse mammary tumour virus RNA results from a stimulation of transcription initiation and depends on the presence of defined regions in proviral DNA. These regions bind the glucocorticoid receptor and behave functionally as proto-enhancers. Glucocorticoid-inducible genes can retain their sensitivity to the hormone after transfer to a heterologous cell by transfection techniques. Non-inducible genes can become inducible when linked to the promoter region of an inducible gene. The mechanisms by which the receptor-steroid complex stimulates or inhibits transcription or influences mRNA stability are unknown. Receptor binding to nucleic acids appears to be a necessary but not sufficient condition. It is likely that the receptor also interacts with chromatin proteins. This might lead to a catalytic modification of these proteins, resulting in a modulation of gene expression. Development of glucocorticoid-sensitive, biochemically defined, cell-free transcription systems should provide a tool to delineate the molecular determinants of this essential regulatory mechanism.

MeSH Terms
Animals Chromatin/drug effects,metabolism DNA/genetics,metabolism Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects Genes/drug effects Glucocorticoids/pharmacology,physiology Humans Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics Mice Models, Genetic RNA, Messenger/metabolism Rats Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism Transcription, Genetic/drug effects Transfection
Chemicals
Chromatin Glucocorticoids RNA, Messenger Receptors, Glucocorticoid DNA
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Rousseau G G
References (95)
95 references, click to expand
  1. Role of progesterone and glucocorticoids in the transcription of the beta-casein and 28-S ribosomal genes in the rabbit mammary gland.
    Eur J Biochem. 1981 Mar;114(3):597-608 PMID: 7238502
  2. Hormonal inducibility of rat alpha 2u globulin genes in transfected mouse cells.
    Nature. 1981 Jun 25;291(5817):629-31 PMID: 6165894
  3. Steroid hormone regulation of ovalbumin and conalbumin gene transcription. A model based upon multiple regulatory sites and intermediary proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Aug 10;256(15):7910-6 PMID: 7263632
  4. Transposable elements and proviruses.
    Nature. 1981 Aug 27;292(5826):800-1 PMID: 6267473
  5. Glucocorticoid-induced proteins in rat thymus cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Nov 10;256(21):11319-29 PMID: 6974733
  6. Mechanism for transcriptional action of cyclic AMP in Escherichia coli: entry into DNA to disrupt DNA secondary structure.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4011-5 PMID: 6270652
  7. Glucocorticoids regulate expression of dihydrofolate reductase cDNA in mouse mammary tumour virus chimaeric plasmids.
    Nature. 1981 Nov 19;294(5838):228-32 PMID: 6272123
  8. Purified glucocorticoid receptors bind selectively in vitro to a cloned DNA fragment whose transcription is regulated by glucocorticoids in vivo.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Nov;78(11):6628-32 PMID: 6273877
  9. Structure, variation and synthesis of retrovirus long terminal repeat.
    Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):1-3 PMID: 7326747
  10. Glucocorticoid regulation of the Ha-MuSV p21 gene conferred by sequences from mouse mammary tumor virus.
    Cell. 1981 Dec;27(2 Pt 1):245-55 PMID: 6277498
  11. Mammary tumor virus DNA contains sequences required for its hormone-regulated transcription.
    Cell. 1981 Dec;27(2 Pt 1):257-66 PMID: 6277499
  12. Selective inhibition by sodium butyrate of glucocorticoid-induced tyrosine aminotransferase synthesis in hepatoma tissue-cultured cells.
    Eur J Biochem. 1981 Dec;120(3):427-33 PMID: 6174324
  13. Structure, stability, methylation, expression and glucocorticoid induction of endogenous and transfected proviral genes of mouse mammary tumor virus in mouse fibroblasts.
    Gene. 1981 Dec;15(4):307-17 PMID: 6277735
  14. Effects of RNA and ribonuclease on the binding of estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors from MCF-7 cells to DNA-cellulose.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Mar 25;257(6):2996-3002 PMID: 7061461
  15. Glucocorticoid regulation of the mouse metallothionein I gene is selectively lost following amplification of the gene.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Mar 25;257(6):3061-7 PMID: 7061464
  16. The dexamethasone-induced inhibitor of fibrinolytic activity in hepatoma cells. A cellular product which specifically inhibits plasminogen activation.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Apr 25;257(8):4260-4 PMID: 6461654
  17. The effect of dexamethasone on the initiation of beta-globin gene transcription in differentiating Friend cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Apr 25;257(8):4496-500 PMID: 6279637
  18. Retrovirus long terminal repeats activate expression of coding sequences for the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(5):1573-7 PMID: 6280191
  19. RNA induced reversal of glucocorticoid receptor activation.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 Mar 15;105(1):20-7 PMID: 6178401
  20. Introduction of rat growth hormone gene into mouse fibroblasts via a retroviral DNA vector: expression and regulation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Apr;79(7):2268-72 PMID: 6285377
  21. The mouse metallothionein-I gene is transcriptionally regulated by cadmium following transfection into human or mouse cells.
    Cell. 1982 May;29(1):99-108 PMID: 6955027
  22. Prolactin-deficient variants of GH3 rat pituitary tumor cells: linked expression of prolactin and another hormonally responsive protein in GH3 cells.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Feb;2(2):179-89 PMID: 7110131
  23. Regulated expression of human growth hormone genes in mouse cells.
    Cell. 1982 Jun;29(2):623-31 PMID: 7116452
  24. Growth hormone gene transcription is regulated by thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones in cultured rat pituitary tumor cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Oct 10;257(19):11627-32 PMID: 7118899
  25. Structure, expression, and evolution of growth hormone genes.
    Recent Prog Horm Res. 1982;38:197-225 PMID: 6289392
  26. Glucocorticoid regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in rodent pituitary.
    Recent Prog Horm Res. 1982;38:227-56 PMID: 6289393
  27. Human metallothionein genes--primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene.
    Nature. 1982 Oct 28;299(5886):797-802 PMID: 7133118
  28. Purified glucocorticoid receptor-hormone complex from rat liver cytosol binds specifically to cloned mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeats in vitro.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(17):5157-61 PMID: 6291027
  29. The effects of ribonuclease on rat liver dexamethasone receptor: increased affinity for deoxyribonucleic acid and altered sedimentation profile.
    Endocrinology. 1983 Jan;112(1):142-9 PMID: 6847812
  30. Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) synthesis in rat liver cells. Rapid induction of specific mRNA by glucagon or cyclic AMP and permissive effect of dexamethasone.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Nov 25;257(22):13404-12 PMID: 6292190
  31. Glucocorticoid regulation of protein processing and compartmentalization.
    Nature. 1982 Nov 18;300(5889):221-5 PMID: 6292722
  32. The glucocorticoid receptor in GH1 cells. Evidence from dense amino acid labeling and whole cell studies for an equilibrium model explaining the influence of hormone on the intracellular distribution of receptor.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Jan 10;258(1):417-25 PMID: 6848510
  33. Activation of covalent affinity labeled glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complexes.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Feb 25;258(4):2229-38 PMID: 6687388
  34. Glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones transcriptionally regulate growth hormone gene expression.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(24):7659-63 PMID: 6296844
  35. Demethylation and expression of murine mammary tumor proviruses in mouse thymoma cell lines.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(1):110-4 PMID: 6296860
  36. Expression of a chicken lysozyme recombinant gene is regulated by progesterone and dexamethasone after microinjection into oviduct cells.
    Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):167-76 PMID: 6297746
  37. Specific binding of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex to the mouse mammary tumor proviral promoter region.
    Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):475-82 PMID: 6297768
  38. Hormonal regulation of growth hormone mRNA.
    DNA. 1982;1(2):145-53 PMID: 6897720
  39. Transcriptional regulation of the tryptophan oxygenase gene in rat liver by glucocorticoids.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Apr 25;258(8):4750-3 PMID: 6187742
  40. Role of de novo DNA methylation in the glucocorticoid resistance of a T-lymphoid cell line.
    Nature. 1983 Apr 14;302(5909):621-3 PMID: 6601244
  41. Isolation of cellular DNA sequences that allow expression of adjacent genes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(8):2117-21 PMID: 6300895
  42. Nuclear localization of a glucocorticoid antagonist in cultured hepatoma cells.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Feb 10;110(3):719-25 PMID: 6682316
  43. Distribution of thyroid hormone receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, and growth hormone gene sequences in chromatin from cultured rat pituitary cells.
    Biochemistry. 1983 Mar 1;22(5):1245-50 PMID: 6301541
  44. Limited proteolysis of the mouse liver glucocorticoid receptor.
    Biochemistry. 1983 Apr 12;22(8):1975-83 PMID: 6849899
  45. Glucocorticoids and chromosomal position modulate murine mammary tumor virus transcription by affecting efficiency of promoter utilization.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Apr;3(4):551-61 PMID: 6304497
  46. Subfragments of the large terminal repeat cause glucocorticoid-responsive expression of mouse mammary tumor virus and of an adjacent gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3637-41 PMID: 6304728
  47. Enhancer elements.
    Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):313-4 PMID: 6305503
  48. DNA sequences bound specifically by glucocorticoid receptor in vitro render a heterologous promoter hormone responsive in vivo.
    Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):489-99 PMID: 6190571
  49. Dexamethasone decreases the amounts of type I procollagen mRNAs in vivo and in fibroblast cell cultures.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Jun 25;258(12):7644-7 PMID: 6863258
  50. Analysis of glucocorticoid-inducible genes in wild-type and variant rat hepatoma cells.
    Mol Pharmacol. 1983 May;23(3):779-85 PMID: 6135149
  51. RNase-sensitive glucocorticoid-receptor complexes from HELA cell nuclei.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Jun 29;113(3):876-82 PMID: 6870897
  52. Transcription initiation of transfected mouse mammary tumor virus LTR DNA is regulated by glucocorticoid hormones.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jul 25;11(14):4713-25 PMID: 6308557
  53. Identification of glucocorticoid-induced genes in rat hepatoma cells by isolation of cloned cDNA sequences.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(16):5042-6 PMID: 6192446
  54. Hormonal regulation of transcription of rDNA. Inhibition of transcription during glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of proliferation of lymphosarcoma P1798 cells in culture.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Aug 25;258(16):9768-73 PMID: 6688417
  55. The glucocorticoid receptor binds to defined nucleotide sequences near the promoter of mouse mammary tumour virus.
    Nature. 1983 Aug 25-31;304(5928):749-52 PMID: 6310405
  56. A small region of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat confers glucocorticoid hormone regulation on a linked heterologous gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(19):5866-70 PMID: 6310597
  57. The pathway of eukaryotic mRNA formation.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:441-66 PMID: 6193753
  58. Rapid suppression of alpha 1-fetoprotein gene transcription by dexamethasone in developing rat liver.
    Biochemistry. 1983 Aug 30;22(18):4296-302 PMID: 6194818
  59. The proviral DNA of mouse mammary tumor virus: its use in the study of the molecular details of steroid hormone action.
    Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1983 Oct;32(2-3):101-16 PMID: 6315504
  60. Inhibition by sodium butyrate of enzyme induction by glucocorticoids and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. A role for the rapid form of histone acetylation.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Nov 25;258(22):13738-44 PMID: 6196355
  61. Sequence-specific binding of glucocorticoid receptor to MTV DNA at sites within and upstream of the transcribed region.
    Cell. 1983 Dec;35(2 Pt 1):381-92 PMID: 6317184
  62. ADP-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins and mouse mammary tumor virus gene expression. Glucocorticoids rapidly decrease endogenous ADP-ribosylation of nonhistone high mobility group 14 and 17 proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Dec 25;258(24):15371-5 PMID: 6317693
  63. Aspects of biochemical catalysis.
    Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):237-9 PMID: 6198091
  64. Glucocorticoids inhibit the coordinated translation of alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs in Friend erythroleukemia cells.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1983 Dec;227(2):542-51 PMID: 6582803
  65. New model for steroid hormone receptors?
    Nature. 1984 Mar 1-7;308(5954):17-8 PMID: 6700708
  66. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid hormone action.
    J Steroid Biochem. 1984 Jan;20(1):77-88 PMID: 6368989
  67. Characterization of DNA sequences through which cadmium and glucocorticoid hormones induce human metallothionein-IIA gene.
    Nature. 1984 Apr 5-11;308(5959):513-9 PMID: 6323998
  68. The region of mouse mammary tumor virus DNA containing the long terminal repeat includes a long coding sequence and signals for hormonally regulated transcription.
    EMBO J. 1982;1(1):3-7 PMID: 6325151
  69. Glucocorticoid receptors recognize DNA sequences in and around murine mammary tumour virus DNA.
    EMBO J. 1982;1(12):1613-9 PMID: 6327283
  70. Glucocorticoid regulation of mouse mammary tumor virus: identification of a short essential DNA region.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(8):1423-9 PMID: 10872340
  71. Hormonal induction of alkaline phosphatase activity by an increase in catalytic efficiency of the enzyme.
    J Mol Biol. 1971 May 28;58(1):197-215 PMID: 4996743
  72. A kinetic analysis of the estrogen receptor transformation.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 May 25;250(10):3945-50 PMID: 165190
  73. Binding of glucocorticoid receptors to DNA.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 Aug 10;250(15):6015-21 PMID: 168206
  74. Messenger RNA for glutamine synthetase: its partial purification, translation in a cell-free system and its regulation by hydrocortisone.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 Feb 9;68(3):675-81 PMID: 4066
  75. Steroid receptors: elements for modulation of eukaryotic transcription.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1976;45:721-46 PMID: 183602
  76. Infection of cultured rat hepatoma cells by mouse mammary tumor virus.
    Cell. 1977 Jan;10(1):11-8 PMID: 189932
  77. Glucocorticoid-stimulated accumulation of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA: increased rate of synthesis of viral RNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jul;74(7):2879-83 PMID: 197523
  78. Glucocorticoid receptors and regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in rat kidney and adipose tissue.
    Am J Physiol. 1977 Sep;233(3):E147-51 PMID: 910900
  79. Production of unintegrated mouse mammary tumor virus DNA in infected rat hepatoma cells is a secondary action of dexamethasone.
    J Virol. 1978 Apr;26(1):93-101 PMID: 206732
  80. Glucocorticoid regulation in rat brain cell cultures. Hydrocortisone increases the rate of synthesis of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase in C6 glioma cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1978 Dec 10;253(23):8493-92 PMID: 101545
  81. The effects of dexamethasone on histone phosphorylation in L cells.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Nov 29;85(2):541-50 PMID: 736917
  82. Control of growth hormone synthesis in cultured GH1 cells by 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine and glucocorticoid agonists and antagonists: studies on the independent and synergistic regulation of the growth hormone response.
    Biochemistry. 1979 Feb 20;18(4):715-21 PMID: 420810
  83. Cycloheximide inhibition of hormonal induction of alpha 2u-globulin mRNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jun;76(6):2669-73 PMID: 88733
  84. Stimulation and inhibition of cellular functions by glucocorticoids. Correlations with rapid influences on chromatin structure.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Aug 25;254(16):7785-94 PMID: 468788
  85. Prolactin-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of casein gene expression.
    Cell. 1979 Aug;17(4):1013-23 PMID: 487427
  86. Glucocorticoid hormones increase the activity of plasma membrane alkaline phosphodiesterase I in rat hepatoma cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Feb;77(2):1005-9 PMID: 6102383
  87. Regulation of hepatoma tissue culture cell tyrosine aminotransferase messenger ribonucleic acid by dexamethasone.
    Biochemistry. 1980 Apr 15;19(8):1705-11 PMID: 6103714
  88. Immunofluorescence microscopy of the intracellular translocation of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes in rat hepatoma (HTC) cells.
    Exp Cell Res. 1980 Jun;127(2):293-7 PMID: 6991262
  89. Metallothionein mRNA induction in HeLa cells in response to zinc or dexamethasone is a primary induction response.
    Nature. 1980 Jul 17;286(5770):295-7 PMID: 7402316
  90. Regulation of rat-liver tyrosine-aminotransferase mRNA by hydrocortisone and by N6,O2'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-phosphate.
    Eur J Biochem. 1980 Jul;108(2):357-65 PMID: 6105957
  91. Hormonal domains of response: actions of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones in regulating pleiotropic responses in cultured cells.
    Recent Prog Horm Res. 1980;36:195-239 PMID: 6997942
  92. DNA methylation of liver and HTC cells during corticosteroid induction.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Jul 31;95(2):630-7 PMID: 6106479
  93. The extraction by micrococcal nuclease of glucocorticoid receptors and mouse mammary tumor virus DNA sequences is dissociated.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Aug 11;8(15):3393-411 PMID: 6255415
  94. Cloned mouse mammary tumor virus DNA is biologically active in transfected mouse cells and its expression is stimulated by glucocorticoid hormones.
    Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):335-45 PMID: 6258799
  95. Glucocorticoid regulation of metallothionein-I mRNA synthesis in cultured mouse cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Mar 25;256(6):2621-4 PMID: 7204370
Article Info
Journal
The Biochemical journal
Abbr.
Biochem J
ISSN
0264-6021
DOI
10.1042/bj2240001
Published
1984-11-15
Pages
1-12
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
2984726R
PMCID
PMC1144391
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1042/bj2240001 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2