The development of the retinogeniculate pathways in normal and albino ferrets.

The retinogeniculate pathways of normal and albino ferrets have been studied with horseradish peroxidase and tritiated proline used as axonal markers. The uncrossed retinogeniculate projection of adult albino ferrets is abnormally small and occupies only a fraction of the geniculate area normally occupied by uncrossed afferents. The crossed pathway is correspondingly expanded, occupying almost the entire nucleus. The geniculate laminae in the albino ferret are abnormal, showing abnormal fusions between layers receiving crossed input and abnormal discontinuities next to the small cell islands receiving uncrossed afferents. In early development, retinofugal fibres can be labelled within the optic tracts on the 28th intrauterine day and a few crossed fibres can be traced into the lateral geniculate nucleus. At this stage, the uncrossed component is extremely small in normal and albino animals and cannot be traced beyond the tract. By day 32 retinal fibres are invading the lateral geniculate nucleus bilaterally, the invasion by the crossed component being significantly more advanced than that by the uncrossed component. The uncrossed pathway of the albinos is already abnormal in terms of its size, in terms of the position it occupies in the optic tract, and in terms of its limited invasion of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The abnormally reduced size of the uncrossed component appears earlier than the abnormal segregation of the retinogeniculate terminals, suggesting that the primary action of the albino gene upon central visual pathways is prechiasmatic. At postnatal stages (41 days after conception and older) the normal, gradual withdrawal of the uncrossed fibres from the monocular segment, and the separation of crossed from uncrossed retinogeniculate terminal arbors is significantly delayed in the albinos. The uncrossed retinogeniculate terminals are abnormally sparse initially and become distributed in an abnormal, interrupted pattern as development proceeds. The abnormal pattern of geniculate lamination appears to be secondary to the abnormal distribution of retinogeniculate afferents.