Histocompatibility antigen frequencies in diabetic retinopathy.

We studied the histocompatibility antigens A and B in 300 insulin-dependent diabetics: 200 had proliferative retinopathy and 100 did not. The two groups were matched for known duration of diabetes and other clinical features. In both groups the frequencies of HLA-B8, HLA-B18, and HLA-B8/HLA-B15 were significantly higher, and those of HLA-B7 and HLA-B12 were significantly lower than in healthy controls. The patients with proliferative retinopathy were significantly less often positive for HLA-B7 (X2 = 10.0; Pc < .03) than patients with nonproliferative retinopathy. When both groups were stratified for age at diagnosis, there were additional differences. HLA-B15 was significantly more frequent in the proliferative retinopathy group with age at diagnosis between 15 and 40 years (nonproliferative retinopathy = 16.4%; proliferative retinopathy = 39.4%; X2 = 7.89, Pc < .03; relative risk = 3.32) and HLA-B7 significantly less frequent (nonproliferative retinopathy = 23.6%; proliferative retinopathy = 5.6%; X2 = 8.0, Pc < .03; relative risk = 0.19). These differences in histocompatibility frequencies between patients with and without proliferative retinopathy indicate a genetic contribution to diabetic retinopathy.