Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 6588378 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Heterogeneity of vertebrate brain tubulins.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 81 ·No. 13 ·1984-07-00 ·Pages 4041-5

Field DJ, Collins RA, Lee JC

Abstract

We have examined the extent of brain tubulin heterogeneity in six vertebrate species commonly used in tubulin research (rat, calf, pig, chicken, human, and lamb) using isoelectric focusing, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and peptide mapping procedures that provide higher resolution than previously available. The extent of heterogeneity is extremely similar in all of these organisms, as judged by number, range of isoelectric points, and distribution of the isotubulins. A minimum of 6 alpha and 12 beta tubulins was resolved from all sources. Even the pattern of spots on two-dimensional peptide maps is remarkably similar. These similarities suggest that the populations of tubulin in all of these brains should have similar overall physical properties. It is particularly interesting that chicken, which has only four or five beta-tubulin genes, contains approximately 12 beta tubulins. Thus, post-translational modification must generate at least some of the tubulin heterogeneity. Mammalian species, which contain 15-20 tubulin DNA sequences, do not show any more tubulin protein heterogeneity than does chicken. This suggests that expression of only a small number of the mammalian genes may be required to generate the observed tubulin heterogeneity.

MeSH Terms
Animals Brain Chemistry Cats Cattle Chickens Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel/methods Humans Isoelectric Focusing/methods Peptide Fragments/analysis Rats Sheep Species Specificity Swine Tubulin/isolation & purification
Chemicals
Peptide Fragments Tubulin
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Field D J
Collins R A
Lee J C
References (55)
55 references, click to expand
  1. Microheterogeneity of tubulin proteins in neuronal and glial cells from the mouse brain in culture.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(8):1243-8 PMID: 10872315
  2. Heterogeneity of tubulin subunits.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Sep;68(9):2028-31 PMID: 5289362
  3. Rat brain microtubule protein: purification and determination of covalently bound phosphate and carbohydrate.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Aug;69(8):2283-7 PMID: 4506098
  4. The carbohydrate composition of brain microtubule protein.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Apr 28;47(2):432-7 PMID: 4662402
  5. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 May 25;250(10):4007-21 PMID: 236308
  6. Is tubulin a glycoprotein?
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 Oct 6;66(3):920-7 PMID: 1180946
  7. Heterogeneity of the alpha subunit of tubulin and the variability of tubulin within a single organism.
    J Cell Biol. 1976 May;69(2):301-12 PMID: 1262392
  8. Chromatographic resolution of the subunits of calf brain tubulin.
    Anal Biochem. 1977 Jan;77(1):243-50 PMID: 831574
  9. In vivo incorporation of [14C]tyrosine into the C-terminal position of the alpha subunit of tubulin.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1977 Apr 30;180(2):264-8 PMID: 879788
  10. Characterization of multiple forms of brain tubulin subunits.
    J Neurochem. 1978 Jun;30(6):1431-40 PMID: 670983
  11. Tubulin microheterogeneity increases with rat brain maturation.
    Nature. 1978 Nov 23;276(5686):411-3 PMID: 714168
  12. Changes in tubulin heterogeneity during postnatal development of rat brain.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1979 Feb 14;86(3):822-8 PMID: 426824
  13. Rat brain tubulin: subunit heterogeneity and phosphorylation.
    J Neurochem. 1979 Mar;32(3):1015-25 PMID: 430036
  14. Assembly of nonneural microtubules in the absence of glycerol and microtubule-associated proteins.
    Biochemistry. 1979 May 1;18(9):1698-702 PMID: 435479
  15. Tubulin microheterogeneity in neuroblastoma and glioma cell lines differs from that of the brain.
    Brain Res. 1979 Jul 27;171(1):171-5 PMID: 466436
  16. Mutation in a structural gene for a beta-tubulin specific to testis in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3991-5 PMID: 115008
  17. Purification of microtubule protein from beef brain and comparison of the assembly requirements for neuronal microtubules isolated from beef and hog.
    Anal Biochem. 1979 Jul 1;96(1):225-35 PMID: 40455
  18. Identification of a second beta chain in pig brain tubulin.
    FEBS Lett. 1979 Dec 1;108(1):283-6 PMID: 520555
  19. Translation in vitro of rat brain mRNA coding for a variety of tubulin forms.
    Eur J Biochem. 1980 Jan;103(1):13-20 PMID: 7358043
  20. Thyroid and brain microtubules: a comparison.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Apr 10;255(7):3186-93 PMID: 7358736
  21. Nucleotide and corresponding amino acid sequences encoded by alpha and beta tubulin mRNAs.
    Nature. 1981 Feb 19;289(5799):650-5 PMID: 7464932
  22. Tubulin and actin synthesis during brain development.
    Dev Biol. 1981 Jan 30;81(2):349-55 PMID: 6894128
  23. Polymorphism of brain tubulin.
    Biochemistry. 1981 Apr 28;20(9):2402-9 PMID: 7236610
  24. Preferential action of a brain detyrosinolating carboxypeptidase on polymerized tubulin.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Jul 25;256(14):7678-86 PMID: 6114100
  25. Complete amino acid sequence of alpha-tubulin from porcine brain.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2757-61 PMID: 7019911
  26. Brain tubulin microheterogeneity in the mouse during development and aging.
    J Neurochem. 1981 Aug;37(2):511-4 PMID: 7264674
  27. The nucleotide sequence of rat alpha-tubulin: 3'-end characteristics, and evolutionary conservation.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jun 25;9(12):2691-7 PMID: 6269058
  28. Complete amino acid sequence of beta-tubulin from porcine brain.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4156-60 PMID: 6945576
  29. Multiple forms of tubulin in the cytoskeletal and flagellar microtubules of Polytomella.
    J Cell Biol. 1981 Nov;91(2 Pt 1):352-60 PMID: 7309786
  30. Nucleotide sequence and evolution of a mammalian alpha-tubulin messenger RNA.
    J Mol Biol. 1981 Sep 5;151(1):101-20 PMID: 7328649
  31. One beta-tubulin subunit accumulates during neurite outgrowth in mouse neuroblastoma cells.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981 Dec 15;103(3):1035-43 PMID: 7332571
  32. Silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels.
    Anal Biochem. 1981 Nov 15;118(1):197-203 PMID: 6175245
  33. Changes in some cytoskeletal proteins during neuroblastoma cell differentiation.
    Biochimie. 1982 Feb;64(2):141-51 PMID: 7066411
  34. Regulation of tubulin gene expression during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Cell. 1982 Jan;28(1):33-40 PMID: 6802501
  35. Evidence that a human beta-tubulin pseudogene is derived from its corresponding mRNA.
    Nature. 1982 May 6;297(5861):83-4 PMID: 7070533
  36. Post-translational modification of tubulin dependent on organelle assembly.
    Nature. 1982 Jun 10;297(5866):516-8 PMID: 7088133
  37. Tubulin microheterogeneity during mouse liver development.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 Apr 14;105(3):806-13 PMID: 7092898
  38. Developmental regulation of Drosophila alpha-tubulin genes.
    Cell. 1982 May;29(1):91-8 PMID: 6179633
  39. Organization and expression of alpha-tubulin genes in Drosophila melanogaster. One member of the alpha-tubulin multigene family is transcribed in both oogenesis and later embryonic development.
    J Mol Biol. 1982 Apr 15;156(3):449-66 PMID: 6811752
  40. Preparation of tubulin from brain.
    Methods Enzymol. 1982;85 Pt B:376-85 PMID: 7121276
  41. High level of tubulin microheterogeneity in the mouse brain.
    Neurosci Lett. 1982 Aug 31;31(3):323-8 PMID: 7133567
  42. The sequences of an expressed rat alpha-tubulin gene and a pseudogene with an inserted repetitive element.
    Nature. 1982 Nov 25;300(5890):330-5 PMID: 6927856
  43. Four unique genes required for beta tubulin expression in vertebrates.
    Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):713-24 PMID: 6831558
  44. Multiple forms of tubulin in Polytomella and Chlamydomonas: evidence for a precursor of flagellar alpha-tubulin.
    J Cell Biol. 1983 Apr;96(4):1056-63 PMID: 6833391
  45. An improved method for separation of low-molecular-weight polypeptides by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel.
    Anal Biochem. 1983 Feb 15;129(1):192-9 PMID: 6190419
  46. Evolutionary history of a multigene family: an expressed human beta-tubulin gene and three processed pseudogenes.
    Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):477-87 PMID: 6688039
  47. Brain and erythrocyte microtubules from chicken contain different beta-tubulin polypeptides.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Jun 25;258(12):7870-5 PMID: 6345531
  48. Chlamydomonas alpha-tubulin is posttranslationally modified in the flagella during flagellar assembly.
    J Cell Biol. 1983 Jul;97(1):258-63 PMID: 6863393
  49. Identification of two human beta-tubulin isotypes.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1983 May;3(5):854-62 PMID: 6865944
  50. Evolution of tubulin heterogeneity during mouse brain development.
    Biochimie. 1982 Mar;64(3):165-72 PMID: 6821154
  51. The tubulins: from DNA to RNA to protein and back again.
    Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):330-2 PMID: 6193888
  52. Regulation of tubulin and actin mRNA production in rat brain: expression of a new beta-tubulin mRNA with development.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Aug;3(8):1333-42 PMID: 6621528
  53. A subpopulation of trypanosome microtubules recognized by a monoclonal antibody to tubulin.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(4):479-83 PMID: 6194984
  54. Cell type-dependent expression of tubulins in Physarum.
    J Cell Biol. 1983 Dec;97(6):1852-9 PMID: 6196370
  55. Comparative peptide mapping and isoelectric focusing of isolated subunits from chick embryo brain tubulin.
    J Neurochem. 1979 Feb;32(2):477-89 PMID: 570216
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.81.13.4041
Published
1984-07-00
Pages
4041-5
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC345364
Subset
IM
Grants
NIADDK NIH HHS · AM-21489 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · NS-14269 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4041 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2