Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 7838726 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

A guanosine quadruplex and two stable hairpins flank a major cleavage site in insulin-like growth factor II mRNA.

Nucleic acids research ·Vol. 22 ·No. 25 ·1994-12-25 ·Pages 5709-16

Christiansen J, Kofod M, Nielsen FC

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) mRNAs are cleaved by an endonucleolytic event in a conserved part of their 3' untranslated region that is predicted to exhibit a complex higher-order RNA structure. In the present study, we have examined the putative secondary structures of in vitro transcripts from the conserved part of human and rat mRNAs by enzymatic and chemical probing. The results show that the cleavage site is situated between two highly structured domains. The upstream domain consists of two large hairpins, whereas the downstream domain is guanosine-rich. The guanosine-rich domain adopts a compact unimolecular conformation in Na+ or K+ but not in Li+, and it completely arrests reverse transcription in K+ but only partially in Na+, indicating the presence of an intramolecular guanosine quadruplex. The flanking higher-order structures may ensure that the cleavage site is not sequestered in stable RNA structures, thus allowing interactions with RNA or proteins at posttranscriptional stages of IGF-II expression.

MeSH Terms
Animals Base Sequence Guanine Nucleotides/chemistry Humans Hydrogen Bonding Hydrolysis Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics Molecular Sequence Data Nucleic Acid Conformation RNA, Messenger/ultrastructure Rats
Chemicals
Guanine Nucleotides RNA, Messenger Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Christiansen J
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Kofod M
Nielsen F C
References (30)
30 references, click to expand
  1. Mechanism of carcinogenesis by RNA tumor viruses. 3. Formation of RNA, DNA complex and duplex DNA molecules by the DNA polymerase (s) of avian myeloblastosis virus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Nov;67(3):1432-9 PMID: 4322024
  2. The yeast KEM1 gene encodes a nuclease specific for G4 tetraplex DNA: implication of in vivo functions for this novel DNA structure.
    Cell. 1994 Jul 1;77(7):1083-92 PMID: 8020096
  3. Probing the structure of RNAs in solution.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Nov 25;15(22):9109-28 PMID: 2446263
  4. Monovalent cation-induced structure of telomeric DNA: the G-quartet model.
    Cell. 1989 Dec 1;59(5):871-80 PMID: 2590943
  5. Telomeric DNA dimerizes by formation of guanine tetrads between hairpin loops.
    Nature. 1989 Dec 14;342(6251):825-9 PMID: 2601741
  6. Computer prediction of RNA structure.
    Methods Enzymol. 1989;180:262-88 PMID: 2482418
  7. Synthesis of small RNAs using T7 RNA polymerase.
    Methods Enzymol. 1989;180:51-62 PMID: 2482430
  8. A sodium-potassium switch in the formation of four-stranded G4-DNA.
    Nature. 1990 Mar 29;344(6265):410-4 PMID: 2320109
  9. Identification and initial characterization of a fourth leader exon and promoter of the human IGF-II gene.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Nov 30;1087(3):341-3 PMID: 2248982
  10. Inhibition of telomerase by G-quartet DNA structures.
    Nature. 1991 Apr 25;350(6320):718-20 PMID: 2023635
  11. Ribosomal RNA and translation.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:191-227 PMID: 1883196
  12. An RNA-binding protein specifically interacts with a functionally important domain of the downstream element of the simian virus 40 late polyadenylation signal.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Oct;11(10):5312-20 PMID: 1656229
  13. Specific endonucleolytic cleavage of IGF-II mRNAs.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Sep 30;179(3):1509-16 PMID: 1656956
  14. Crystal structure of four-stranded Oxytricha telomeric DNA.
    Nature. 1992 Mar 12;356(6365):126-31 PMID: 1545863
  15. Quadruplex structure of Oxytricha telomeric DNA oligonucleotides.
    Nature. 1992 Mar 12;356(6365):164-8 PMID: 1545871
  16. Endonucleolysis in the turnover of insulin-like growth factor II mRNA.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 25;267(27):19404-11 PMID: 1527060
  17. Solution structure of an unusually stable RNA tetraplex containing G- and U-quartet structures.
    Biochemistry. 1992 Sep 15;31(36):8406-14 PMID: 1382577
  18. Site-specific cleavage of IGF-II mRNAs requires sequence elements from two distinct regions of the IGF-II gene.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Oct 11;20(19):5003-9 PMID: 1408818
  19. Evidence for interstrand quadruplex formation in the dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus 1 genomic RNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3393-7 PMID: 8475087
  20. Sequence-specific endonucleolytic cleavage and protection of mRNA in Xenopus and Drosophila.
    Genes Dev. 1993 Aug;7(8):1620-31 PMID: 8339937
  21. A turnover pathway for both stable and unstable mRNAs in yeast: evidence for a requirement for deadenylation.
    Genes Dev. 1993 Aug;7(8):1632-43 PMID: 8393418
  22. The molecular and cellular biology of insulin-like growth factor II.
    Prog Growth Factor Res. 1992;4(3):257-90 PMID: 1307492
  23. Messenger RNA degradation in eukaryotes.
    Cell. 1993 Aug 13;74(3):413-21 PMID: 7688664
  24. Tumour-suppressor activity of H19 RNA.
    Nature. 1993 Oct 21;365(6448):764-7 PMID: 7692308
  25. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14.
    Cell. 1993 Dec 3;75(5):843-54 PMID: 8252621
  26. Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. elegans.
    Cell. 1993 Dec 3;75(5):855-62 PMID: 8252622
  27. Tumor suppression by RNA from the 3' untranslated region of alpha-tropomyosin.
    Cell. 1993 Dec 17;75(6):1107-17 PMID: 7505203
  28. Evidence that the pathway of transferrin receptor mRNA degradation involves an endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3' UTR and does not involve poly(A) tail shortening.
    EMBO J. 1994 Apr 15;13(8):1969-80 PMID: 7909515
  29. Translational regulation of nanos by RNA localization.
    Nature. 1994 May 26;369(6478):315-8 PMID: 7514276
  30. Phy M: an RNase activity specific for U and A residues useful in RNA sequence analysis.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jul 25;8(14):3133-42 PMID: 6160466
Article Info
Journal
Nucleic acids research
Abbr.
Nucleic Acids Res
ISSN
0305-1048
DOI
10.1093/nar/22.25.5709
Published
1994-12-25
Pages
5709-16
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0411011
PMCID
PMC310137
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.25.5709 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2