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PMID: 8065310 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Functional evidence for ligand-dependent dissociation of thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors from an inhibitory cellular factor.

Molecular and cellular biology ·Vol. 14 ·No. 9 ·1994-09-00 ·Pages 5756-65

Casanova J, Helmer E, Selmi-Ruby S, Qi JS, Au-Fliegner M, Desai-Yajnik V, Koudinova N, Yarm F, Raaka BM, Samuels HH

Abstract

The ligand-binding domains of thyroid hormone (L-triiodothyronine [T3]) receptors (T3Rs), all-trans retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs), and 9-cis RA receptors (RARs and RXRs) contain a series of heptad motifs thought to be important for dimeric interactions. Using a chimera containing amino acids 120 to 392 of chicken T3R alpha (cT3R alpha) positioned between the DNA-binding domain of the yeast GAL4 protein and the potent 90-amino-acid transactivating domain of the herpes simplex virus VP16 protein (GAL4-T3R-VP16), we provide functional evidence that binding of ligand releases T3Rs and RARs from an inhibitory cellular factor. GAL4-T3R-VP16 does not bind T3 and does not activate transcription from a GAL4 reporter when expressed alone but is able to activate transcription when coexpressed with unliganded T3R or RAR. This activation is reversed by T3 or RA, suggesting that these receptors compete with GAL4-T3R-VP16 for a cellular inhibitor and that ligand reverses this effect by dissociating T3R or RAR from the inhibitor. A chimera containing the entire ligand-binding domain of cT3R alpha (amino acids 120 to 408) linked to VP16 [GAL4-T3R(408)-VP16] is activated by unliganded receptor as well as by T3. In contrast, GAL4-T3R containing the amino acid 120 to 408 ligand-binding region without the VP16 domain is activated only by T3. The highly conserved ninth heptad, which is involved in heterodimerization, appears to participate in the receptor-inhibitor interaction, suggesting that the inhibitor is a related member of the receptor gene family. In striking contrast to T3R and RAR, RXR activates GAL4-T3R-VP16 only with its ligand, 9-cis RA, but unliganded RXR does not appear to be the inhibitor suggested by these studies. Further evidence that an orphan receptor may be the inhibitor comes from our finding that COUP-TF inhibits activation of GAL4-T3R-VP16 by unliganded T3R and the activation of GAL4-T3R by T3. These and other results suggest that an inhibitory factor suppresses transactivation by the T3Rs and RARs while these receptors are bound to DNA and that ligands act, in part, by inactivating or promoting dissociation of a receptor-inhibitor complex.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cell Nucleus/metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism Gene Expression Regulation HeLa Cells Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65/physiology Humans In Vitro Techniques Ligands Macromolecular Substances Rats Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors,metabolism Retinoid X Receptors Transcription Factors/metabolism Triiodothyronine/pharmacology
Chemicals
DNA-Binding Proteins Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65 Ligands Macromolecular Substances Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Receptors, Retinoic Acid Receptors, Thyroid Hormone Retinoid X Receptors Transcription Factors Triiodothyronine
Authors & Affiliations
10 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Casanova J
Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016.
Helmer E
Selmi-Ruby S
Qi J S
Au-Fliegner M
Desai-Yajnik V
Koudinova N
Yarm F
Raaka B M
Samuels H H
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Article Info
Journal
Molecular and cellular biology
Abbr.
Mol Cell Biol
ISSN
0270-7306
DOI
10.1128/mcb.14.9.5756-5765.1994
Published
1994-09-00
Pages
5756-65
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8109087
PMCID
PMC359101
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK16636 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM-07308 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · NCRR M0100096 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.9.5756-5765.1994 PMC Full Text View journal details
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