Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8214014 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Rous-Whipple Award Lecture. Atherosclerosis: a defense mechanism gone awry.

The American journal of pathology ·Vol. 143 ·No. 4 ·1993-10-00 ·Pages 987-1002

Ross R

Abstract

暂无摘要

MeSH Terms
Animals Arteriosclerosis/etiology,pathology Humans Models, Cardiovascular Regional Blood Flow Risk Factors
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ross R
Department of Pathology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195.
References (126)
126 references, click to expand
  1. Minimally modified low density lipoprotein induces monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in human endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(13):5134-8 PMID: 1695010
  2. Membrane proteins involved in phagocyte adherence to endothelium.
    Immunol Rev. 1990 Apr;114:5-28 PMID: 2196221
  3. Adhesion receptors of the immune system.
    Nature. 1990 Aug 2;346(6283):425-34 PMID: 1974032
  4. Immunology of atherosclerosis: cellular composition and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression in aortic intima, fatty streaks, and atherosclerotic plaques in young and aged human specimens.
    Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1990 Sep;56(3):344-59 PMID: 2202532
  5. Colocalization of 15-lipoxygenase mRNA and protein with epitopes of oxidized low density lipoprotein in macrophage-rich areas of atherosclerotic lesions.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(18):6959-63 PMID: 1698286
  6. Macrophage and smooth muscle cell proliferation in atherosclerotic lesions of WHHL and comparably hypercholesterolemic fat-fed rabbits.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1990 Sep-Oct;10(5):680-7 PMID: 2403295
  7. TGF-beta stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation: new mechanistic insights.
    Cell. 1990 Oct 19;63(2):245-7 PMID: 2208284
  8. Regression of coronary artery disease as a result of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in men with high levels of apolipoprotein B.
    N Engl J Med. 1990 Nov 8;323(19):1289-98 PMID: 2215615
  9. TGF-beta induces bimodal proliferation of connective tissue cells via complex control of an autocrine PDGF loop.
    Cell. 1990 Nov 2;63(3):515-24 PMID: 2171777
  10. Role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerosis.
    Free Radic Biol Med. 1990;9(2):155-68 PMID: 2227530
  11. Multiple receptors on human monocytes are involved in adhesion to cultured human endothelial cells.
    J Leukoc Biol. 1990 Nov;48(5):451-6 PMID: 1977836
  12. Human abdominal aortic aneurysms. Immunophenotypic analysis suggesting an immune-mediated response.
    Am J Pathol. 1990 Nov;137(5):1199-213 PMID: 1700620
  13. Regression of coronary atherosclerosis during treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia with combined drug regimens.
    JAMA. 1990 Dec 19;264(23):3007-12 PMID: 2243428
  14. Macrophage-derived foam cells freshly isolated from rabbit atherosclerotic lesions degrade modified lipoproteins, promote oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, and contain oxidation-specific lipid-protein adducts.
    J Clin Invest. 1991 Jan;87(1):90-9 PMID: 1985115
  15. Involvement of the immune system in human atherogenesis: current knowledge and unanswered questions.
    Lab Invest. 1991 Jan;64(1):5-15 PMID: 1990208
  16. Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis.
    Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):788-91 PMID: 1990440
  17. Putative mechanisms of the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta with atheromatous plaque in heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.
    Circ Res. 1991 Feb;68(2):330-7 PMID: 1991341
  18. Advanced glycosylation products quench nitric oxide and mediate defective endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in experimental diabetes.
    J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):432-8 PMID: 1991829
  19. Experimental induction of athero-arteriosclerosis by the synergy of allergic injury to arteries and lipid-rich diet. I. Effect of repeated injections of horse serum in rabbits fed a dietary cholesterol supplement.
    J Exp Med. 1966 Oct 1;124(4):635-52 PMID: 5922287
  20. Atherosclerosis in relation to the structure and function of the arterial intima, with special reference to th endothelium.
    Int Rev Exp Pathol. 1966;5:253-353 PMID: 4877347
  21. Atherosclerosis and the arterial smooth muscle cell: Proliferation of smooth muscle is a key event in the genesis of the lesions of atherosclerosis.
    Science. 1973 Jun 29;180(4093):1332-9 PMID: 4350926
  22. Experimental induction of atheroarteriosclerosis by the synergy of allergic injury to arteries and lipid-rich diet. II. Effect of repeatedly injected foreign protein in rabbits fed a lipid-rich, cholesterol-poor diet.
    Am J Pathol. 1973 Nov;73(2):265-300 PMID: 4758786
  23. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (second of two parts).
    N Engl J Med. 1976 Aug 19;295(8):420-5 PMID: 778621
  24. Dietary induced atherogenesis in swine. Morphology of the intima in prelesion stages.
    Am J Pathol. 1979 Jun;95(3):775-92 PMID: 453335
  25. The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis: II. Migration of foam cells from atherosclerotic lesions.
    Am J Pathol. 1981 May;103(2):191-200 PMID: 7234962
  26. Enhanced macrophage degradation of low density lipoprotein previously incubated with cultured endothelial cells: recognition by receptors for acetylated low density lipoproteins.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6499-503 PMID: 6273873
  27. George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture. Atherosclerosis: a problem of the biology of arterial wall cells and their interactions with blood components.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1981 Sep-Oct;1(5):293-311 PMID: 6287982
  28. Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle.
    Circ Res. 1983 Nov;53(5):557-73 PMID: 6313250
  29. Thrombosis and acute coronary-artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death.
    N Engl J Med. 1984 May 3;310(18):1137-40 PMID: 6709008
  30. Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. I. Changes that lead to fatty streak formation.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1984 Jul-Aug;4(4):323-40 PMID: 6466191
  31. Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. II. Fatty streak conversion to fibrous plaque.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1984 Jul-Aug;4(4):341-56 PMID: 6466192
  32. George Lyman Duff memorial lecture. Persistent problems in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1984 Sep-Oct;4(5):443-51 PMID: 6089724
  33. Nitric oxide and prostacyclin. Divergence of inhibitory effects on monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion to endothelium in vitro.
    Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 Mar-Apr;11(2):254-60 PMID: 1847823
  34. A heparin-binding growth factor secreted by macrophage-like cells that is related to EGF.
    Science. 1991 Feb 22;251(4996):936-9 PMID: 1840698
  35. An immunohistochemical analysis of human aortic fatty streaks.
    Hum Pathol. 1987 Apr;18(4):375-80 PMID: 3549534
  36. Regulation of fibronectin and type I collagen mRNA levels by transforming growth factor-beta.
    J Biol Chem. 1987 May 15;262(14):6443-6 PMID: 3471760
  37. Probucol prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5928-31 PMID: 3475709
  38. Some recent advances in the chemistry and biology of transforming growth factor-beta.
    J Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;105(3):1039-45 PMID: 3308901
  39. Antiatherogenic effect of probucol unrelated to its hypocholesterolemic effect: evidence that antioxidants in vivo can selectively inhibit low density lipoprotein degradation in macrophage-rich fatty streaks and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7725-9 PMID: 3478721
  40. Prelesional events in atherogenesis. Colocalization of apolipoprotein B, unesterified cholesterol and extracellular phospholipid liposomes in the aorta of hyperlipidemic rabbit.
    Atherosclerosis. 1987 Oct;67(2-3):143-54 PMID: 3314887
  41. Polypeptide growth factors: roles in normal and abnormal cell growth.
    Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1987;3:443-92 PMID: 3318882
  42. T lymphocytes in aortic and coronary intimas. Their potential role in atherogenesis.
    Am J Pathol. 1988 Feb;130(2):369-76 PMID: 3257650
  43. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: atherogenesis and inflammation.
    Lab Invest. 1988 Mar;58(3):249-61 PMID: 3279259
  44. Lysophosphatidylcholine: a chemotactic factor for human monocytes and its potential role in atherogenesis.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2805-9 PMID: 3357891
  45. Production of platelet-derived growth factor-like mitogen by smooth-muscle cells from human atheroma.
    N Engl J Med. 1988 Jun 9;318(23):1493-8 PMID: 3367960
  46. Malondialdehyde-altered protein occurs in atheroma of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.
    Science. 1988 Jul 8;241(4862):215-8 PMID: 2455346
  47. Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: analogies to atherosclerosis.
    Kidney Int. 1988 May;33(5):917-24 PMID: 3292816
  48. Interleukin-1 mitogenic activity for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells is due to PDGF-AA.
    Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):393-6 PMID: 2783498
  49. Morphology of the endothelium over atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries.
    Br Heart J. 1988 Dec;60(6):459-64 PMID: 3066389
  50. Biological and biochemical properties of fibroblast growth factors. Implications for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1989 May-Jun;9(3):269-78 PMID: 2655570
  51. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    Eur J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;19(2):172-5 PMID: 2525095
  52. Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Jun 15;161(2):851-8 PMID: 2735925
  53. Atherosclerotic lesions in humans. In situ immunophenotypic analysis suggesting an immune mediated response.
    Lab Invest. 1989 Aug;61(2):166-70 PMID: 2787872
  54. Detection of activated T lymphocytes in the human atherosclerotic plaque.
    Am J Pathol. 1989 Jul;135(1):169-75 PMID: 2505620
  55. The heparin-binding (fibroblast) growth factor family of proteins.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:575-606 PMID: 2549857
  56. Insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and platelet-derived growth factor interact additively in the induction of the protooncogene c-myc and cellular proliferation in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.
    Mol Endocrinol. 1989 Aug;3(8):1183-90 PMID: 2674692
  57. Immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1989 Sep-Oct;9(5):567-78 PMID: 2675808
  58. Cytokines as modulators of cell proliferation in fibrotic diseases.
    Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Oct;140(4):1114-7 PMID: 2679265
  59. Direct evidence for a protein recognized by a monoclonal antibody against oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerotic lesions from a Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit.
    Am J Pathol. 1989 Nov;135(5):815-25 PMID: 2683796
  60. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen.
    Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1306-9 PMID: 2479986
  61. Control of hypertrophic versus hyperplastic growth of vascular smooth muscle cells.
    Am J Physiol. 1989 Dec;257(6 Pt 2):H1755-65 PMID: 2690643
  62. Vasoactive mediators derived from the endothelium.
    Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1989 Nov;82 Spec No 4:11-4 PMID: 2514650
  63. Immunohistochemical characterization of inflammatory cells associated with advanced atherosclerosis.
    Histopathology. 1990 Dec;17(6):543-52 PMID: 2076887
  64. Platelet-derived growth factor: mechanism of action and possible in vivo function.
    Cell Regul. 1990 Jul;1(8):555-66 PMID: 1964089
  65. Human coronary transplantation-associated arteriosclerosis. Evidence for a chronic immune reaction to activated graft endothelial cells.
    Am J Pathol. 1991 Apr;138(4):791-8 PMID: 2012171
  66. Synthesis of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta by arterial cells in atherosclerosis.
    Am J Pathol. 1991 Apr;138(4):951-60 PMID: 2012178
  67. Stimulation of human arterial smooth muscle cell chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis by transforming growth factor-beta.
    In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1991 Jan;27(1):6-12 PMID: 2013555
  68. Release and vascular activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor in atherosclerotic rabbit aorta.
    Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Nov 27;191(2):173-84 PMID: 1707815
  69. Isolation and characterization of a macrophage-derived heparin-binding growth factor.
    Cell Regul. 1990 Oct;1(11):811-9 PMID: 2088527
  70. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural demonstration of the lymphocyte-macrophage interaction in human aortic intima.
    Mod Pathol. 1991 Jan;4(1):101-7 PMID: 2020653
  71. Macrophages, endothelial cells, and lipoprotein oxidation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
    Toxicol Pathol. 1990;18(4 Pt 1):560-71 PMID: 2091235
  72. Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in macrophage-rich areas of human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5252-6 PMID: 2052604
  73. Endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors.
    J Cell Biochem. 1991 May;46(1):27-36 PMID: 1874796
  74. Expression of monocyte chemotactic protein and interleukin-8 by cytokine-activated human vascular smooth muscle cells.
    Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 Sep-Oct;11(5):1166-74 PMID: 1911703
  75. Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis Award Lecture. Viral pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Impact of molecular mimicry and viral genes.
    Am J Pathol. 1991 Dec;139(6):1195-211 PMID: 1661071
  76. The hyperlipidemic hamster as an atherosclerosis model.
    Artery. 1991;18(6):285-90 PMID: 1750802
  77. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1).
    N Engl J Med. 1992 Jan 23;326(4):242-50 PMID: 1727977
  78. Functional significance of human vascular smooth muscle cell-derived interleukin 1 in paracrine and autocrine regulation pathways.
    Exp Cell Res. 1992 Feb;198(2):283-90 PMID: 1729135
  79. Aortic smooth muscle cells express and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor.
    Growth Factors. 1991;5(2):141-8 PMID: 1768437
  80. Endothelial cell regulation by transforming growth factor-beta.
    J Cell Biochem. 1991 Nov;47(3):224-9 PMID: 1724244
  81. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in atherosclerotic plaques.
    Am J Pathol. 1992 Mar;140(3):665-73 PMID: 1372160
  82. Thromboregulation: multicellular modulation of platelet reactivity in hemostasis and thrombosis.
    FASEB J. 1993 Apr 1;7(6):516-22 PMID: 8472890
  83. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women.
    N Engl J Med. 1993 May 20;328(20):1444-9 PMID: 8479463
  84. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s.
    Nature. 1993 Apr 29;362(6423):801-9 PMID: 8479518
  85. Biological properties and molecular biology of the human macrophage growth factor, CSF-1.
    Immunobiology. 1986 Sep;172(3-5):194-204 PMID: 2433211
  86. Fatty streak expansion and maturation in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipemic and comparably hypercholesterolemic fat-fed rabbits.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1987 Jan-Feb;7(1):24-34 PMID: 3813974
  87. Fatty streak initiation in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipemic and comparably hypercholesterolemic fat-fed rabbits.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1987 Jan-Feb;7(1):9-23 PMID: 3813980
  88. Monocyte chemoattractants in pigeon aortic atherosclerosis.
    Am J Pathol. 1987 Mar;126(3):464-75 PMID: 3826301
  89. Cell constitution and characteristics of human atherosclerotic plaques selectively removed by percutaneous atherectomy.
    Atherosclerosis. 1989 Dec;80(2):149-57 PMID: 2692572
  90. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induction of novel gene products in human endothelial cells including a macrophage-specific chemotaxin.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 15;265(5):2973-8 PMID: 2406243
  91. Atherogenesis during low level hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. I. Fatty streak formation.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1990 Mar-Apr;10(2):164-77 PMID: 2180394
  92. Atherogenesis during low level hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. II. Fatty streak conversion to fibrous plaque.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1990 Mar-Apr;10(2):178-87 PMID: 2317156
  93. Minimally modified low density lipoprotein stimulates monocyte endothelial interactions.
    J Clin Invest. 1990 Apr;85(4):1260-6 PMID: 2318980
  94. Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).
    Immunol Today. 1990 Mar;11(3):97-101 PMID: 2186747
  95. Localization of PDGF-B protein in macrophages in all phases of atherogenesis.
    Science. 1990 May 25;248(4958):1009-12 PMID: 2343305
  96. Distribution of oxidation specific lipid-protein adducts and apolipoprotein B in atherosclerotic lesions of varying severity from WHHL rabbits.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1990 May-Jun;10(3):336-49 PMID: 1693069
  97. Control of monocyte recruitment by chemotactic factor(s) in lesion-prone areas of swine aorta.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1985 Jan-Feb;5(1):55-66 PMID: 3966908
  98. Early atherogenesis in White Carneau pigeons. II. Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations.
    Am J Pathol. 1985 May;119(2):210-22 PMID: 3993740
  99. Expression of class II transplantation antigen on vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerosis.
    J Clin Invest. 1985 Jul;76(1):125-31 PMID: 3894417
  100. A platelet factor stimulating the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. Partial purification and characterization.
    Exp Cell Res. 1985 Aug;159(2):487-94 PMID: 4029276
  101. Monocytes and neutrophils oxidize low density lipoprotein making it cytotoxic.
    J Leukoc Biol. 1985 Aug;38(2):341-50 PMID: 3861749
  102. Identity of tumour necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin.
    Nature. 1985 Aug 8-14;316(6028):552-4 PMID: 2993897
  103. High-affinity-receptor-mediated uptake and degradation of glucose-modified proteins: a potential mechanism for the removal of senescent macromolecules.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5588-92 PMID: 2994035
  104. Topographic study of sudanophilic lesions in cholesterol-fed minipigs by image analysis.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1985 Sep-Oct;5(5):415-26 PMID: 2412537
  105. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
    Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):630-2 PMID: 2413547
  106. The macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1.
    Methods Enzymol. 1985;116:564-87 PMID: 3003518
  107. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis--an update.
    N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):488-500 PMID: 3511384
  108. Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates the expression of fibronectin and collagen and their incorporation into the extracellular matrix.
    J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 25;261(9):4337-45 PMID: 3456347
  109. Modulation of endothelial cell hemostatic properties by tumor necrosis factor.
    J Exp Med. 1986 Mar 1;163(3):740-5 PMID: 3753996
  110. Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1986 Mar-Apr;6(2):131-8 PMID: 2937395
  111. Prelesional events in atherogenesis. Accumulation of extracellular cholesterol-rich liposomes in the arterial intima and cardiac valves of the hyperlipidemic rabbit.
    Am J Pathol. 1986 Apr;123(1):109-25 PMID: 3963146
  112. Induction of c-sis mRNA and activity similar to platelet-derived growth factor by transforming growth factor beta: a proposed model for indirect mitogenesis involving autocrine activity.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(8):2453-7 PMID: 3010310
  113. Monocyte chemotactic factor produced by large vessel endothelial cells in vitro.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1986 May-Jun;6(3):254-8 PMID: 3085644
  114. Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin interacts with endothelial cell receptors to induce release of interleukin 1.
    J Exp Med. 1986 Jun 1;163(6):1363-75 PMID: 3011946
  115. The biology of platelet-derived growth factor.
    Cell. 1986 Jul 18;46(2):155-69 PMID: 3013421
  116. Inhibition of endothelial regeneration by type-beta transforming growth factor from platelets.
    Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1078-80 PMID: 3461562
  117. Human atherosclerosis. II. Immunocytochemical analysis of the cellular composition of human atherosclerotic lesions.
    Am J Pathol. 1986 Oct;125(1):191-207 PMID: 3777135
  118. Immunocytochemical analysis of cellular components in atherosclerotic lesions. Use of monoclonal antibodies with the Watanabe and fat-fed rabbit.
    Arteriosclerosis. 1986 Nov-Dec;6(6):601-13 PMID: 3778306
  119. Inducible interleukin-1 gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells.
    J Clin Invest. 1986 Dec;78(6):1432-8 PMID: 3491091
  120. Purification from a human hepatoma cell line of a basic fibroblast growth factor-like molecule that stimulates capillary endothelial cell plasminogen activator production, DNA synthesis, and migration.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):4060-6 PMID: 3025628
  121. Induction of insulin-like growth factor I messenger RNA in rat aorta after balloon denudation.
    Circ Res. 1990 Jun;66(6):1755-60 PMID: 2188750
  122. Imbalance of endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors. A new concept in hypertension?
    Am J Hypertens. 1990 Apr;3(4):317-30 PMID: 2189444
  123. Endothelial cell stimulation of smooth muscle glycosaminoglycan synthesis can be accounted for by transforming growth factor beta activity.
    Atherosclerosis. 1990 Apr;81(3):255-65 PMID: 2350374
  124. 1989 Corcoran lecture: adaptive and maladaptive responses of the arterial wall to hypertension.
    Hypertension. 1990 Jun;15(6 Pt 2):666-74 PMID: 2190918
  125. Cell proliferation in human coronary arteries.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(12):4600-4 PMID: 1972277
  126. Atherosclerosis and hypertension: mechanisms and interrelationships.
    J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;15 Suppl 5:S59-64 PMID: 1694933
Article Info
Journal
The American journal of pathology
Abbr.
Am J Pathol
ISSN
0002-9440
Published
1993-10-00
Pages
987-1002
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0370502
PMCID
PMC1887075
Subset
IM
Grants
NHLBI NIH HHS · HL-18645 · United States
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2