The laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases.

Recent developments in diagnostic mycobacteriology are surveyed with emphasis on laboratory capabilities relevant to the more rapid and accurate detection and identification of mycobacterial pathogens. Some terminologic problems are reviewed, and some newly recognized mycobacterial pathogens are discussed. Newer methodologies presented in some detail include the radiometric technique for detection, identification, and susceptibility testing of mycobacteria, and the use of DNA probes for identification of mycobacterial species and species complexes. The utility of other developing methodologies, such as polymerase chain reaction technology, analysis of body fluids for tuberculostearic acid, and the use of ELISA are also assessed.