Minor myelin proteins can be major targets for peripheral blood T cells from both multiple sclerosis patients and healthy subjects.

T cell recognition of myelin is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Predominant protein components of myelin, myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), have been considered as possibly relevant autoantigens, especially since both proteins are encephalitogenic in various laboratory animals. It has remained unclear, however, to what extent the numerous minor proteins contained in myelin may serve as targets for human T cell responses to myelin. In this study, the abilities of several minor myelin proteins to trigger proliferative responses of human peripheral blood T cells were compared to that of MBP. By using a water soluble collection of myelin proteins as an antigen, including MBP as the major component, short-term T cell lines were generated. Proliferative responses were determined against the various proteins after their fractionation by HPLC. Short-term T cell lines from both multiple sclerosis patients and healthy control subjects displayed significant responses to several minor myelin proteins but failed to respond to MBP. Only the use of purified MBP as trigger antigen allowed the selective expansion of MBP-specific T cell lines. These findings indicate that minor myelin proteins may act as relevant targets for autoreactive human T cells.