Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8385352 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Localization of a retroviral element within the rd gene coding for the beta subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 90 ·No. 7 ·1993-04-01 ·Pages 2955-9

Bowes C, Li T, Frankel WN, Danciger M, Coffin JM, Applebury ML, Farber DB

Abstract

Retinal degeneration in the rd mouse is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is caused by a defect in the gene encoding the beta subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase. Recently, a close genetic association of the rd gene with an endogenous xenotropic murine leukemia virus (Xmv-28) was established by linkage analysis using recombinant inbred strains of mice. In this study, genomic DNA mapping and sequence analyses clarify the position of the proviral sequences in relation to the rd gene. We find that the Xmv-28 provirus is integrated into intron I of the rd gene 1511 bp downstream of the exon-intron boundary. The transcriptional orientation of the provirus is opposite to that of the gene for the beta subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrates that the integrated Xmv-28 sequences are transcribed in the retina. The provirus is present in every strain of rd mouse tested.

Related Genes
rd
MeSH Terms
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases/genetics Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence Cloning, Molecular/methods Crosses, Genetic Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6 DNA/genetics Female Genes Introns Macromolecular Substances Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Mutant Strains Molecular Sequence Data Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Restriction Mapping Retroviridae/genetics,isolation & purification Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
Macromolecular Substances Oligodeoxyribonucleotides DNA Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases 3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6 Pde6b protein, mouse
Authors & Affiliations
7 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Bowes C
Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90024.
Li T
Frankel W N
Danciger M
Coffin J M
Applebury M L
Farber D B
References (24)
24 references, click to expand
  1. Identification of a nonsense mutation in the rod photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene of the rd mouse.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8322-6 PMID: 1656438
  2. Retinal degeneration is rescued in transgenic rd mice by expression of the cGMP phosphodiesterase beta subunit.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 May 15;89(10):4422-6 PMID: 1350091
  3. Dilute (d) coat colour mutation of DBA/2J mice is associated with the site of integration of an ecotropic MuLV genome.
    Nature. 1981 Oct 1;293(5831):370-4 PMID: 6268990
  4. Form and function of retroviral proviruses.
    Science. 1982 May 21;216(4548):812-20 PMID: 6177038
  5. Excision of the DBA ecotropic provirus in dilute coat-color revertants of mice occurs by homologous recombination involving the viral LTRs.
    Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):379-87 PMID: 6305507
  6. Embryonic lethal mutation in mice induced by retrovirus insertion into the alpha 1(I) collagen gene.
    Nature. 1983 Jul 28-Aug 3;304(5924):315-20 PMID: 6308457
  7. Nucleotide sequence of AKV murine leukemia virus.
    J Virol. 1984 Feb;49(2):471-8 PMID: 6319746
  8. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387-95 PMID: 6546423
  9. Insertion of retrovirus into the first intron of alpha 1(I) collagen gene to embryonic lethal mutation in mice.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Mar;81(5):1504-8 PMID: 6324198
  10. Envelope and long terminal repeat sequences of a cloned infectious NZB xenotropic murine leukemia virus.
    J Virol. 1985 Jan;53(1):100-6 PMID: 2981327
  11. Retroviral insertional mutagenesis of a target allele in a heterozygous murine cell line.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6600-4 PMID: 2995973
  12. Nonecotropic murine leukemia viruses in BALB/c and NFS/N mice: characterization of the BALB/c Bxv-1 provirus and the single NFS endogenous xenotrope.
    J Virol. 1986 Dec;60(3):980-6 PMID: 3023686
  13. The four classes of endogenous murine leukemia virus: structural relationships and potential for recombination.
    J Virol. 1987 Sep;61(9):2659-69 PMID: 3039159
  14. Polymorphism of murine endogenous proviruses revealed by using virus class-specific oligonucleotide probes.
    J Virol. 1988 Jan;62(1):168-75 PMID: 2824845
  15. Role of endogenous retroviruses as mutagens: the hairless mutation of mice.
    Cell. 1988 Jul 29;54(3):383-91 PMID: 2840205
  16. Genetic analysis of endogenous xenotropic murine leukemia viruses: association with two common mouse mutations and the viral restriction locus Fv-1.
    J Virol. 1989 Apr;63(4):1763-74 PMID: 2564439
  17. Spontaneous germ line virus infection and retroviral insertional mutagenesis in eighteen transgenic Srev lines of mice.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jan;9(1):177-84 PMID: 2927391
  18. Effect of proviral insertion on transcription of the murine B2mb gene.
    J Virol. 1989 Jun;63(6):2623-8 PMID: 2542575
  19. Isolation of a candidate cDNA for the gene causing retinal degeneration in the rd mouse.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):9722-6 PMID: 2481314
  20. A linkage map of endogenous murine leukemia proviruses.
    Genetics. 1990 Feb;124(2):221-36 PMID: 2155154
  21. Fine mapping of a putative rd cDNA and its co-segregation with rd expression.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990 Aug;31(8):1427-32 PMID: 1974892
  22. Retinal degeneration in the rd mouse is caused by a defect in the beta subunit of rod cGMP-phosphodiesterase.
    Nature. 1990 Oct 18;347(6294):677-80 PMID: 1977087
  23. Characterization of endogenous and recombinant proviral elements of a highly tumorigenic AKR cell line.
    J Virol. 1991 Sep;65(9):4619-28 PMID: 1870192
  24. C57BL-6J mice with inherited retinal degeneration.
    Arch Ophthalmol. 1974 May;91(5):394-400 PMID: 4595403
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.90.7.2955
Published
1993-04-01
Pages
2955-9
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC46215
Subset
IM
Grants
NEI NIH HHS · EY040821 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · EY06379 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · EY08285 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
L02109, L02110
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.7.2955 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2