Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8416990 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

TGF beta suppresses casein synthesis in mouse mammary explants and may play a role in controlling milk levels during pregnancy.

The Journal of cell biology ·Vol. 120 ·No. 1 ·1993-01-00 ·Pages 245-51

Robinson SD, Roberts AB, Daniel CW

Abstract

Mammary explants from 14-15-d-pregnant mice synthesize and secrete milk proteins in culture in response to insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin. Here we demonstrate that transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) treatment suppresses, in a dose dependent and reversible manner, the ability of explants to synthesize and secrete milk caseins. TGF beta does not affect the level of casein mRNA within explants but inhibits casein synthesis posttranscriptionally. We also show increased expression of TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 3 in intact mammary gland as pregnancy progresses, with reduced expression of all three TGF betas at the onset of lactation. These findings suggest that endogenously produced TGF beta may limit the accumulation of milk caseins that are produced in the mammary gland during pregnancy.

MeSH Terms
Animals Caseins/genetics,metabolism Female Gene Expression In Vitro Techniques Lactation Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism Mice Milk/metabolism Pregnancy RNA, Messenger/genetics Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics,pharmacology
Chemicals
Caseins RNA, Messenger Transforming Growth Factor beta
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Robinson S D
Department of Biology, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064.
Roberts A B
Daniel C W
References (27)
27 references, click to expand
  1. Human mammary epithelial cells in culture: differentiation and transformation.
    Cancer Treat Res. 1988;40:1-24 PMID: 2908646
  2. Epidermal growth factor receptor, but not c-erbB-2, activation prevents lactogenic hormone induction of the beta-casein gene in mouse mammary epithelial cells.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Aug;10(8):4027-34 PMID: 2196443
  3. Cultivation of adult mouse mammary gland in hormone-enriched synthetic medium.
    Science. 1957 Oct 25;126(3278):842-3 PMID: 13467288
  4. Regulated expression and growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms in mouse mammary gland development.
    Development. 1991 Nov;113(3):867-78 PMID: 1821856
  5. Control of growth and differentiation of the mammary gland by growth factors.
    J Dairy Sci. 1991 Aug;74(8):2788-800 PMID: 1918550
  6. Hormone-dependent differentiation of mammary gland in vitro.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Aug;54(2):629-34 PMID: 5217449
  7. Multiple hormone interactions in the development of mammary gland in vitro.
    Recent Prog Horm Res. 1970;26:287-308 PMID: 4919093
  8. The effect of progesterone on biosynthetic pathways in mammary tissue.
    Endocrinology. 1972 Oct;91(4):1011-9 PMID: 5065806
  9. Reviews of the progress of dairy science. Section A. Physiology. Organ culture techniques and the study of hormone effects on the mammary gland.
    J Dairy Res. 1971 Oct;38(3):419-44 PMID: 4949278
  10. Inhibition by progesterone of the lactogenic effect of prolactin in the pseudopregnant rabbit.
    Biochem J. 1974 Nov;144(2):245-52 PMID: 4218958
  11. Prolactin-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of casein gene expression.
    Cell. 1979 Aug;17(4):1013-23 PMID: 487427
  12. Casein turnover in rabbit mammary explants in organ culture.
    Biochem J. 1979 Sep 15;182(3):837-45 PMID: 518567
  13. Multiple hormone interactions in the developmental biology of the mammary gland.
    Physiol Rev. 1980 Oct;60(4):1049-106 PMID: 7001510
  14. Simultaneous occurrence of pregnancylike lobuloalveolar morphogenesis and casein-gene expression in a culture of the whole mammary gland.
    In Vitro. 1981 Jan;17(1):55-60 PMID: 7011946
  15. Extensive destruction of newly synthesized casein in mammary explants in organ culture.
    Biochem J. 1982 Jan 15;202(1):133-8 PMID: 7082302
  16. Characterization and cloning of the mRNAs specific for the lactating mouse mammary gland.
    Eur J Biochem. 1982 Jun 15;125(1):131-41 PMID: 6896688
  17. Cell-cell interactions promote mammary epithelial cell differentiation.
    J Cell Biol. 1985 May;100(5):1415-22 PMID: 3886667
  18. Secretion-coupled protein degradation: studies on mammary casein.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Oct 31;889(1):49-58 PMID: 3768428
  19. Estrogenic regulation of growth and polypeptide growth factor secretion in human breast carcinoma.
    Endocr Rev. 1987 Feb;8(1):29-43 PMID: 3549276
  20. Reversible inhibition of mammary gland growth by transforming growth factor-beta.
    Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):291-3 PMID: 3474783
  21. Regulation of milk protein synthesis by progesterone in cultured mouse mammary gland.
    J Steroid Biochem. 1988 Jan;29(1):99-104 PMID: 3279270
  22. Both cell substratum regulation and hormonal regulation of milk protein gene expression are exerted primarily at the posttranscriptional level.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Aug;8(8):3183-90 PMID: 3062379
  23. Regulation of functional cytodifferentiation and histogenesis in mammary epithelial cells: role of the extracellular matrix.
    Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Mar;80:61-70 PMID: 2647485
  24. Hormonal regulation of milk protein gene expression.
    Annu Rev Physiol. 1989;51:641-52 PMID: 2653199
  25. TGF-beta 1-induced inhibition of mouse mammary ductal growth: developmental specificity and characterization.
    Dev Biol. 1989 Sep;135(1):20-30 PMID: 2767334
  26. Production of and responsiveness to transforming growth factor-beta in normal and oncogene-transformed human mammary epithelial cells.
    Cancer Res. 1989 Nov 15;49(22):6269-74 PMID: 2553252
  27. Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits lactogenic hormone induction of beta-casein expression in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells.
    Growth Factors. 1990;4(1):9-15 PMID: 2085442
Article Info
Journal
The Journal of cell biology
Abbr.
J Cell Biol
ISSN
0021-9525
DOI
10.1083/jcb.120.1.245
Published
1993-01-00
Pages
245-51
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0375356
PMCID
PMC2119484
Subset
IM
Grants
NICHD NIH HHS · HD 27845 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1083/jcb.120.1.245 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2