Reduction of tumorigenicity by alpha 3 integrin in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line.

The expression levels of integrin adhesion receptors have often been correlated with neoplastic transformation and invasiveness. To investigate more definitively the role of the integrin VLA-3 (alpha 3 beta 1) in tumor cell behavior, we transfected alpha 3 subunit cDNA into human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Transfectants expressing high levels of alpha 3 beta 1 on their cell surface displayed an altered morphology and decreased anchorage-dependent growth in vitro. Cells expressing alpha 3 also displayed marked reduction in anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and in their ability to form tumors when injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. Thus, VLA-3 can repress the transformed phenotype of rhabdomyosarcoma tumor cells. Similar changes in morphology and growth characteristics were observed in cells expressing a chimeric molecule X3C4 in which the alpha 3 cytoplasmic domain had been exchanged with that of the alpha 4 integrin subunit. Therefore, alpha 3 inhibitory effects in RD cells appear not to require specific signalling through the alpha 3 cytoplasmic domain.