Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 9649528 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Evaluating gene flow using selected markers: a case study.

Genetics ·Vol. 149 ·No. 3 ·1998-07-00 ·Pages 1383-92

Lenormand T, Guillemaud T, Bourguet D, Raymond M

Abstract

The extent to which an organism is locally adapted in an environmental pocket depends on the selection intensities inside and outside the pocket, on migration, and on the size of the pocket. When two or more loci are involved in this local adaptation, measuring their frequency gradients and their linkage disequilbria allows one to disentangle the forces-migration and selection-acting on the system. We apply this method to the case of a local adaptation to organophosphate insecticides in the mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens in southern France. The study of two different resistance loci allowed us to estimate with support limits gene flow as well as selection pressure on insecticide resistance and the fitness costs associated with each locus. These estimates permit us to pinpoint the conditions for the maintenance of this pocket of adaptation as well as the effect of the interaction between the two resistance loci.

MeSH Terms
Animals Computer Simulation Culex/genetics Female France Gene Frequency Genetic Markers Genetic Variation Genotype Insecticide Resistance/genetics Male Models, Genetic Models, Statistical Phenotype
Chemicals
Genetic Markers
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Lenormand T
Laboratoire Génétique et Environnement, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554), Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. [email protected]
Guillemaud T
Bourguet D
Raymond M
References (32)
32 references, click to expand
  1. Dispersion studies of Culex pipiens fatigans tagged with 32P in the Kemmendine area of Rangoon, Burma.
    Bull World Health Organ. 1967;36(1):21-37 PMID: 4227195
  2. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations.
    Science. 1987 May 15;236(4803):787-92 PMID: 3576198
  3. The same esterase B1 haplotype is amplified in insecticide-resistant mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex from the Americas and China.
    Heredity (Edinb). 1995 Apr;74 ( Pt 4):339-45 PMID: 7538988
  4. Dispersal of adult females of Culex annulirostris in Griffith, New South Wales, Australia.
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1992 Jun;8(2):159-65 PMID: 1331320
  5. A sex-linked Ace gene, not linked to insensitive acetylcholinesterase-mediated insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens.
    Insect Mol Biol. 1998 May;7(2):107-20 PMID: 9535157
  6. Pleiotropy of adaptive changes in populations: comparisons among insecticide resistance genes in Culex pipiens.
    Genet Res. 1997 Dec;70(3):195-203 PMID: 9494436
  7. Esterases in the mosquito Culex pipiens pipiens L: formal genetics and polymorphism of adult esterases.
    Biochem Genet. 1976 Jun;14(5-6):481-93 PMID: 971293
  8. Gene flow and selection in a two-locus system.
    Genetics. 1975 Dec;81(4):787-802 PMID: 1213276
  9. Experimental studies on overwintering conditions of mosquitoes.
    Folia Parasitol (Praha). 1971;18(3):255-9 PMID: 4148057
  10. Genetic and biochemical studies of the highly active esterases A' and B associated with organophosphate resistance in mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex.
    Biochem Genet. 1981 Oct;19(9-10):909-19 PMID: 6120690
  11. Mark-release-recapture studies with Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southern California.
    J Med Entomol. 1991 May;28(3):357-71 PMID: 1875362
  12. Dominance of insecticide resistance presents a plastic response.
    Genetics. 1996 May;143(1):407-16 PMID: 8722792
  13. Measuring mosquito dispersal for control programs.
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1991 Dec;7(4):608-15 PMID: 1686275
  14. Determination of Ace.1 Genotypes in Single Mosquitoes: Toward an Ecumenical Biochemical Test
    Pestic Biochem Physiol. 1996 Jun;55(2):122-8 PMID: 8980036
  15. Resistance monitoring in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from central-eastern France.
    J Med Entomol. 1994 Mar;31(2):231-9 PMID: 7514668
  16. Duplication of the Ace.1 locus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes from the Caribbean.
    Biochem Genet. 1996 Oct;34(9-10):351-62 PMID: 8978907
  17. Interactions between pesticide genes: model and experiment.
    Genetics. 1989 Nov;123(3):543-51 PMID: 2599366
  18. Identification of resistance mechanisms in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from southern France: insensitive acetylcholinesterase and detoxifying oxidases.
    J Econ Entomol. 1986 Dec;79(6):1452-8 PMID: 3805481
  19. Est-2 and Est-3 polymorphisms in Culex pipiens L. from Southern France in relation to organophosphate resistance.
    Biochem Genet. 1981 Jun;19(5-6):499-508 PMID: 7295287
  20. Conditions for the existence of clines.
    Genetics. 1975 Jul;(3):595-615 PMID: 1232026
  21. The theoretical population genetics of variable selection and migration.
    Annu Rev Genet. 1976;10:253-80 PMID: 797310
  22. Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in field populations of Culex pipiens from Italy.
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1993 Jun;9(2):164-8 PMID: 7688795
  23. Esterase gene amplification in Culex pipiens.
    Insect Mol Biol. 1997 Nov;6(4):319-27 PMID: 9359574
  24. Dispersal of Culex quinquefasciatus from a dairy in southern California.
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1988 Sep;4(3):300-4 PMID: 3199117
  25. An insensitive acetylcholinesterase in Culex pipiens (Diptera:Culicidae) from Portugal.
    J Econ Entomol. 1996 Oct;89(5):1060-6 PMID: 8913110
  26. Ecological genetics of insecticide and acaricide resistance.
    Annu Rev Entomol. 1987;32:361-80 PMID: 3545056
  27. The fixation of chromosomal rearrangements in a subdivided population with local extinction and colonization.
    Heredity (Edinb). 1985 Jun;54 ( Pt 3):323-32 PMID: 4019220
  28. Population dynamics of adult Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Kern River, Kern County, California, in 1990.
    J Med Entomol. 1992 May;29(3):531-43 PMID: 1625303
  29. Testing the unique amplification event and the worldwide migration hypothesis of insecticide resistance genes with sequence data.
    Heredity (Edinb). 1996 Nov;77 ( Pt 5):535-43 PMID: 8939020
  30. Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance.
    Genetics. 1997 Apr;145(4):1219-28 PMID: 9093870
  31. Identification of two distinct amplifications of the esterase B locus in Culex pipiens (L.) mosquitoes from Mediterranean countries.
    Biochem Genet. 1992 Feb;30(1-2):13-26 PMID: 1520252
  32. Inference from clines stabilized by frequency-dependent selection.
    Genetics. 1989 Aug;122(4):967-76 PMID: 2759433
Article Info
Journal
Genetics
Abbr.
Genetics
ISSN
0016-6731
DOI
10.1093/genetics/149.3.1383
Email
[email protected]
Published
1998-07-00
Pages
1383-92
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0374636
PMCID
PMC1460252
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1093/genetics/149.3.1383 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2