SOS1 (SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1)

Gene Basic Information

Gene Basic Information

symbol
SOS1
locus group
protein-coding gene
location
2p22.1
gene_family
Pleckstrin homology domain containing|Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors
alias symbol
HGF|GF1
alias name
None
entrez id
6654
ensembl gene id
ENSG00000115904
ucsc gene id
uc061ikm.1
refseq accession
NM_005633
hgnc_id
HGNC:11187
approved reserved
1993-10-27

Chromosome Location

Chromosome Location

2p22.1

Gene Summary

Gene Summary

ChineseEnglish

SOS1, or Son of Sevenless homolog 1, is a critical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) within the SOS gene family that plays a pivotal role in regulating intracellular signaling by activating RAS, a small GTPase. As a multi-domain protein characterized by structural motifs such as Dbl homology (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, SOS1 localizes to the plasma membrane where it is recruited by adaptor proteins like GRB2 following ligand-induced activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Its primary molecular function is to catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on RAS, thereby switching RAS from an inactive to an active state and initiating downstream signaling cascades, most notably the MAPK/ERK pathway, which governs essential cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of SOS1 function, often resulting from gain-of-function missense mutations such as G434R, leads to constitutive activation of the RAS-MAPK axis, a hallmark of various developmental disorders like Noonan syndrome, which is clinically characterized by cardiac defects, distinctive facial features, and growth retardation. In the context of oncology, somatic or germline mutations in SOS1 that enhance its GEF activity or overexpression of the gene can drive excessive cell proliferation and contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple malignancies, including colorectal and lung cancers. Consequently, the SOS1-RAS interaction interface has emerged as a promising therapeutic target, with investigational agents such as BI-3406 designed to disrupt this interaction and thereby inhibit aberrant RAS-driven signaling in cancer cells.

OMIM entry for SOS1     Wikipedia entry for SOS1

Gene Sequence

Gene Sequence

Nucleotide sequence of SOS1:[NCBI]
Loading Gene Browser...

Encoded Protein

Encoded Protein

Protein Sequence
1MQAQQLPYEF FSEENAPKWR GLLVPALKKV QGQVHPTLES
41NDDALQYVEE LILQLLNMLC QAQPRSASDV EERVQKSFPH
81 PIDKWAIAD AQSAIEKRKR RNPLSLPVEK IHPLLKEVLG
121YKIDHQVSVY IVAVLEYISA DILKLVGNYV RNIRHYEITK
161Q DIKVAMCA DKVLMDMFHQ DVEDINILSL TDEEPSTSGE
201QTYYDLVKAF MAEIRQYIRE LNLIIKVFRE PFVSNSKLFS
241AN DVENIFS RIVDIHELSV KLLGHIEDTV EMTDEGSPHP
281LVGSCFEDLA EELAFDPYES YARDILRPGF HDRFLSQLSK
321PGA ALYLQS IGEGFKEAVQ YVLPRLLLAP VYHCLHYFEL
361LKQLEEKSED QEDKECLKQA ITALLNVQSG MEKICSKSLA
401KRRL SESAC RFYSQQMKGK QLAIKKMNEI QKNIDGWEGK
441DIGQCCNEFI MEGTLTRVGA KHERHIFLFD GLMICCKSNH
481GQPRL PGAS NAEYRLKEKF FMRKVQINDK DDTNEYKHAF
521EIILKDENSV IFSAKSAEEK NNWMAALISL QYRSTLERML
561DVTMLQ EEK EEQMRLPSAD VYRFAEPDSE ENIIFEENMQ
601PKAGIPIIKA GTVIKLIERL TYHMYADPNF VRTFLTTYRS
641FCKPQEL LS LIIERFEIPE PEPTEADRIA IENGDQPLSA
681ELKRFRKEYI QPVQLRVLNV CRHWVEHHFY DFERDAYLLQ
721RMEEFIGT V RGKAMKKWVE SITKIIQRKK IARDNGPGHN
761ITFQSSPPTV EWHISRPGHI ETFDLLTLHP IEIARQLTLL
801ESDLYRAVQ PSELVGSVWT KEDKEINSPN LLKMIRHTTN
841LTLWFEKCIV ETENLEERVA VVSRIIEILQ VFQELNNFNG
881VLEVVSAMNS SPVYRLDHT FEQIPSRQKK ILEEAHELSE
921DHYKKYLAKL RSINPPCVPF FGIYLTNILK TEEGNPEVLK
961RHGKELINFS K RRKVAEIT GEIQQYQNQP YCLRVESDIK
1001RFFENLNPMG NSMEKEFTDY LFNKSLEIEP RNPKPLPRFP
1041KKYSYPLKSP GV RPSNPRP GTMRHPTPLQ QEPRKISYSR
1081IPESETESTA SAPNSPRTPL TPPPASGASS TTDVCSVFDS
1121DHSSPFHSSN DTV FIQVTL PHGPRSASVS SISLTKGTDE
1161VPVPPPVPPR RRPESAPAES SPSKIMSKHL DSPPAIPPRQ
1201PTSKAYSPRY SISD RTSIS DPPESPPLLP PREPVRTPDV
1241FSSSPLHLQP PPLGKKSDHG NAFFPNSPSP FTPPPPQTPS
1281PHGTRRHLPS PPLTQ EVDL HSIAGPPVPP RQSTSQHIPK
1321LPPKTYKREH THPSMHRDGP PLLENAHSS
Structure predicted by AlphaFold DB(UniProt: Q07889). Color indicates pLDDT confidence (dark blue = high, yellow/orange = low).

Gene Variants

Gene Variants

SNP variants of SOS1:           Showing partial SNPs
rs212322       rs297120       rs297121       rs297122       rs297123       rs297124       rs297125       rs297126       rs297127       rs297128       rs297129       rs297130       rs297131       rs297132       rs297133       rs297134       rs297135      

Gene Primers

Gene Primers

Forward Primer
Forward Tm
Reverse Primer
Reverse Tm
Score
CGAAGACGACCAGAATCTG
58
GGACTGTCCAAATGCTTAGAC
59
TCACTCAAGATCTGCTTCTG
57
GATTCTGGTCGTCTTCGTG
58
GCTTCAGATGTAGAGGAACG
58
ATAGCTGATTGGGCATCAG
57
TTCTGGTGCTTCCAGTACC
59
AAGACGGTATCATTGCTTGAG
59
AGTAGAAATGACAGATGAAGGC
58
TCAAATGCCAGTTCCTCTG
57
TTCTGGTGCTTCCAGTACC
59
AAGACGGTATCATTGCTTGAG
59
AGAGTCAACTGTGAATCTGCA
60
CTCGTTCATCTTCTTGATTGCT
59
AACTTTAATGGTGTCCTTGAGG
59
GGCGACTTGGTATTTGCTC
59
AGTAGAAATGACAGATGAAGGC
58
TCAAATGCCAGTTCCTCTG
58
TTCTGGTGCTTCCAGTACC
59
GACGGTATCATTGCTTGAGTG
60

Gene Ontology

Subcellular localization of SOS1 (and its protein):

[UniProt]     [GenomeNet]

" d="M482.414,245.296c3.539,4.293,4.455,10.009,0.202,11 c-4.244,0.996-4.983-10.983-8.293-8.438c-5.271,4.08,9.834,12.271,5.144,17.287c-3.717,3.607-6.172-5.75-10.839-1.976 c-4.673,3.776,6.781,7.299,2.831,11.326c-4.354,4.045-6.979-1.449-9.837-5.517c-1.193-1.742-2.059-3.851-3.595-2.748 c-1.516,1.078-1.854,1.795-0.938,3.666c2.374,4.854,9.235,10.119,5.156,12.535c-5.636,3.346-5.044-8.871-9.426-7.574 c-4.388,1.291,2.557,10.66-1.245,11.141c-4.089,0.545-3.483-10.239-6.979-8.575c-2.522,1.206-0.929,3.071-0.938,4.899 c0.004,1.32-0.964,3.6-2.372,4.062c-3.593,1.171-8.544-1.065-10.251-3.59c-6.04-8.93,0.396-15.997,4.639-7.015 c3.023,4.642,5.182,0.834,2.839-2.219c-1.032-1.354-4.309-5.901-0.781-7.252c2.904-1.113,4.271,1.941,5.985,4.592 c2.61,4.016,5.485,0.117,3.031-3.414c-1.828-2.633-2.74-3.803,3.156-7.42c6.405-4.369,6.52,3.869,10.077,0.646 c2.309-1.832-4.783-5.149,0.06-8.995c2.896-2.293,5.18,6.207,7.961,3.516c3.523-2.737-7.717-7.369,0.117-11.736 C473.413,240.77,480.519,242.891,482.414,245.296z"/> Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
  • plasma membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • extracellular
  • golgi
  • vesicle
  • cytoskeleton
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • nucleus
  • endosome
  • lysosome
  • mitochondrion

Gene Ontology (GO) terms for SOS1:

GO ID
Protein
Source DB
GO:0003677
C9K0N6 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0046982
C9K0N6 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0003677
G5E9C8 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005089
G5E9C8 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005622
G5E9C8 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0007264
G5E9C8 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0035023
G5E9C8 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043547
G5E9C8 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043547
G5E9C8 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0046982
G5E9C8 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0000165
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0001782
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0001942
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0003209
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0003344
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0003677
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005085
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
EXP
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
EXP
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005088
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005089
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005089
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005096
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005829
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0007165
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
NAS
GO:0007173
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0007265
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0007296
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0007411
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0008286
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0014069
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0017124
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0033081
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0035023
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0035264
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0038095
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0038128
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0042129
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043025
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043065
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0043547
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043547
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043547
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0045742
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0046982
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0048011
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0048514
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0050900
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0051056
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0051057
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0060021
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0061029
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0061384
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:1904693
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:2000973
Q07889 (UniProtKB)
IEA

Related microRNA

Related microRNA

microRNAs potentially regulating SOS1:     

Gene Interactions

Gene Interactions

String
BioGrid
IntAct
mentha
MINT
Reactome
Loading…
Interacting Gene Interaction Source/Score

Gene Pathways

Gene Pathways

Related Diseases

Related Diseases

Disease Score NofPmids NofSnps Source
Disease Score NofPmids NofSnps Source
Noonan Syndrome 4 0.44 6 23 CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_UNIPROT
Noonan Syndrome 0.392971407 35 9 BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_ORPHANET
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis 0.242171535 8 0 BeFree_CTD_human_ORPHANET
Fibromatosis, Gingival 0.008715934 4 0 BeFree_LHGDN
Neoplasm Metastasis 0.008414698 31 1 BeFree
Glioma 0.006710102 17 0 BeFree_GAD
Congenital Heart Defects 0.004734064 2 0 GAD
Malignant neoplasm of breast 0.00434307 16 1 BeFree
Liver carcinoma 0.00434307 16 0 BeFree
Breast Carcinoma 0.004071628 15 1 BeFree

Related Publications

Related Publications

Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma in a Child With SOS1-Related Noonan Syndrome.
Genç DB, Tanik C, Karadag C, Apaydin S, Koc A Pediatr Blood Cancer IF: 2.4 2026-09-00
Seed priming-mediated molecular responses enhance thermo-osmotic resilience in Halophila ovalis for climate-resilient restoration.
Natarajan PK, Danaraj J, Mariasingarayan Y, Thomas A, Senguttuvan S, Unni S J Environ Manage IF: 9.2 2026-08-15
Targeted therapeutic strategies for KRAS-G12D-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review.
Chen Y, Chen M, Xia Y, Chen J Transl Lung Cancer Res IF: 3.4 2026-07-31
Structural and Biophysical Characterization of Aminobenzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-Dioxide SOS1 Ligands.
Moreira Pereira T, Reyes Romero A, van der Laan M, Zhirui G, Oerlemans R, Groves M, Mori M, Meneghetti F, Dömling A ACS Med Chem Lett IF: 3.9 2026-08-13
Magnesium as a Conformational Gatekeeper of KRAS: Structural Dynamics and Therapeutic Implications.
Srinivasu BY, Damerla TS, Stec A, Zhou Z, Engen JR, Westover KD, Wales TE bioRxiv 2026-02-23
Transcriptional regulation of the Arabidopsis transportome by salt stress and symbiosis with Serendipita indica.
González Ortega-Villaizán A, Haro R, Conchillo LB, Guerrero-Galán C, Pollmann S, Benito B Plant Physiol Biochem IF: 6.2 2026-01-16
S-nitrosoglutathione enhances rice tolerance to salt-submergence by coordinating ethylene, GA, and ABA accumulation and improving ion transport.
Das AK, Mostofa MG, Methela NJ, Lee DS, Woo YJ, Lee GJ, Injamum-Ul-Hoque M, Kang SM, Lee IJ, Hussain A, Yun BW Plant Physiol Biochem IF: 6.2 2026-01-12
Correction to: CEBPB regulates ERK1/2 activity through SOS1 and contributes to ovarian cancer progression.
Tan J, Wang D, Tu A, Xu Q, Zhuan L, Wu X, Zhao L, Dong W, Zhang J, Feng Y Med Oncol IF: 4.7 2026-01-19

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