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PMID: 12032070 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The Toll and Imd pathways are the major regulators of the immune response in Drosophila.

The EMBO journal ·Vol. 21 ·No. 11 ·2002-06-03 ·Pages 2568-79

De Gregorio E, Spellman PT, Tzou P, Rubin GM, Lemaitre B

Abstract

Microarray studies have shown recently that microbial infection leads to extensive changes in the Drosophila gene expression programme. However, little is known about the control of most of the fly immune-responsive genes, except for the antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-encoding genes, which are regulated by the Toll and Imd pathways. Here, we used oligonucleotide microarrays to monitor the effect of mutations affecting the Toll and Imd pathways on the expression programme induced by septic injury in Drosophila adults. We found that the Toll and Imd cascades control the majority of the genes regulated by microbial infection in addition to AMP genes and are involved in nearly all known Drosophila innate immune reactions. However, we identified some genes controlled by septic injury that are not affected in double mutant flies where both Toll and Imd pathways are defective, suggesting that other unidentified signalling cascades are activated by infection. Interestingly, we observed that some Drosophila immune-responsive genes are located in gene clusters, which often are transcriptionally co-regulated.

MeSH Terms
Animals Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drosophila Proteins/physiology Drosophila melanogaster/immunology,metabolism Gene Expression Regulation Genome Models, Biological Mutation Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Protein Binding Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology Time Factors Toll-Like Receptors Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
Drosophila Proteins Receptors, Cell Surface Tl protein, Drosophila Toll-Like Receptors imd protein, Drosophila
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
De Gregorio Ennio
Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Spellman Paul T
Tzou Phoebe
Rubin Gerald M
Lemaitre Bruno
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Article Info
Journal
The EMBO journal
Abbr.
EMBO J
ISSN
0261-4189
DOI
10.1093/emboj/21.11.2568
Published
2002-06-03
Pages
2568-79
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
8208664
PMCID
PMC126042
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.11.2568 PMC Full Text View journal details
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