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PMID: 12438343 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Innate immune responses of human neonatal cells to bacteria from the normal gastrointestinal flora.

Infection and immunity ·Vol. 70 ·No. 12 ·2002-12-00 ·Pages 6688-96

Karlsson H, Hessle C, Rudin A

Abstract

The hygiene hypothesis postulates that the prevalence of allergy has increased due to decreased microbial stimulation early in life, leading to delayed maturation of the immune system. The aim of this study was to examine the cytokine pattern produced from cord blood mononuclear cells relative to adult cells after stimulation with bacterial strains from the normal flora. Mononuclear cells from cord and adult blood samples were stimulated with the following bacteria: Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus mitis, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Veillonella parvula, and Neisseria sicca. The levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The TNF-alpha production was also analyzed after blocking CD14, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), and TLR-4 prior to stimulation with bacteria. The levels of IL-12 and TNF-alpha were similar in cord and adult cells. Gram-positive bacteria induced considerably higher levels of IL-12 and TNF-alpha than gram-negative bacteria in both cord and adult cells. The levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in newborns than in adults, whereas the levels of IL-10 were similar in newborns and adults. Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria induced similar levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in cord cells. L. plantarum bound or signaled through CD14, TLR-2, and TLR-4, whereas E. coli acted mainly through CD14 and TLR-4. These results indicate that the innate immune response in newborns to commensal bacteria is strong and also suggest that different bacterial strains may have differential effects on the maturation of the immune system of infants.

MeSH Terms
Adult Cytokines/biosynthesis Digestive System/microbiology Fetal Blood/cytology,immunology Gram-Negative Bacteria/immunology Gram-Positive Bacteria/immunology Humans Immunity, Innate Infant, Newborn Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology Monocytes/immunology
Chemicals
Cytokines
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Karlsson Helen
Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Hessle Christina
Rudin Anna
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Article Info
Journal
Infection and immunity
Abbr.
Infect Immun
ISSN
0019-9567
DOI
10.1128/IAI.70.12.6688-6696.2002
Published
2002-12-00
Pages
6688-96
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0246127
PMCID
PMC133091
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.12.6688-6696.2002 PMC Full Text View journal details
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