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PMID: 15491280 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Distinctive activation mechanisms and functions for protein kinase Cdelta.

The Biochemical journal ·Vol. 384 ·No. Pt 3 ·2004-12-15 ·Pages 449-59

Steinberg SF

Abstract

PKCdelta (protein kinase Cdelta) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in growth regulation and tissue remodelling. Traditional models of PKC activation have focused on lipid cofactors and anchoring proteins that localize the active conformation of PKCdelta to membranes, in close proximity with its target substrates. However, recent studies identify a distinct mode for PKCdelta activation involving tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases. The tyrosine-phosphorylated form of PKCdelta (which accumulates in the soluble fraction of cells exposed to oxidant stress) displays lipid-independent kinase activity and is uniquely positioned to phosphorylate target substrates throughout the cell (not just on lipid membranes). This review summarizes (1) recent progress towards understanding structure-activity relationships for PKCdelta, with a particular focus on the stimuli that induce (and the distinct functional consequences that result from) tyrosine phosphorylation events in PKCdelta's regulatory, hinge and catalytic domains; (2) current concepts regarding the role of tyrosine phosphorylation as a mechanism to regulate PKCdelta localization and actions in mitochondrial and nuclear compartments; and (3) recent literature delineating distinct roles for PKCdelta (relative to other PKC isoforms) in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and programmed cell death (including studies in PKCdelta-/- mice that implicate PKCdelta in immune function and cardiovascular remodelling). Collectively, these studies argue that the conventional model for PKCdelta activation must be broadened to allow for stimulus-specific differences in PKCdelta signalling during growth factor stimulation and oxidant stress.

MeSH Terms
Animals Enzyme Activation Humans Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology,metabolism Phosphorylation Phosphotyrosine/metabolism Protein Kinase C/chemistry,metabolism Protein Kinase C-delta Substrate Specificity
Chemicals
Phosphotyrosine PRKCD protein, human Protein Kinase C Protein Kinase C-delta
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Steinberg Susan F
Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. [email protected]
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Article Info
Journal
The Biochemical journal
Abbr.
Biochem J
ISSN
1470-8728
DOI
10.1042/BJ20040704
Email
[email protected]
Published
2004-12-15
Pages
449-59
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
2984726R
PMCID
PMC1134130
Subset
IM
Grants
NHLBI NIH HHS · R01 HL064639 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · R01 HL077860 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · HL-64639 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · HL-77860 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1042/BJ20040704 PMC Full Text View journal details
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