Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 16398934 Published · epublish English Journal Article

Plasma LDL and HDL characteristics and carotenoid content are positively influenced by egg consumption in an elderly population.

Nutrition & metabolism ·Vol. 3 ·2006-01-06 ·Pages 6

Greene CM, Waters D, Clark RM, Contois JH, Fernandez ML

Abstract

Approximately 1/3 of individuals have a high plasma response to dietary cholesterol (hyper-responders). Although increases in both LDL and HDL cholesterol have been observed, limited data exist regarding effects of egg consumption on lipoprotein subclasses and circulating carotenoids. 29 postmenopausal women (50-68 y) and 13 men (60-80 y) were assigned to either 3 eggs (EGG, 640 mg cholesterol/d) or an equal volume of cholesterol-free egg substitute (SUB, 0 mg cholesterol/d) for 30 d. Following a 3 wk wash out, subjects crossed over to the alternate diet. Individuals with a response to dietary cholesterol > 2.2 mg/dL for each additional 100 mg of dietary cholesterol were classified as hyper-responders while hypo-responders were those with a response <or= to 2.2 mg/dL. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy determined LDL and HDL size & particle concentrations. Dietary records were used to evaluate carotenoid consumption. Hyper-responders had higher concentrations of both LDL (LDL-C) and HDL (HDL-C) cholesterol after EGG. In contrast, the concentrations of plasma LDL-C and HDL-C did not differ between the EGG and SUB for the hypo-responders. After EGG, hyper-responders had larger (>or= 21.2 nm) less atherogenic LDL particle (P < 0.001) and larger HDL particle (> 8.8 nm) (P < 0.01), with no significant difference in the total number of LDL or HDL particles. Regardless of response classification, all individuals had an increase in plasma lutein (from 32.4 +/- 15.2 to 46.4 +/- 23.3 ng/L) and zeaxanthin (from 8.8 +/- 4.8 to 10.7 +/- 5.8 ng/L) during EGG, yet hyper-responders displayed higher concentrations of carotenoids when compared to hypo-responders These findings suggest that the increases in LDL-C and HDL-C due to increased egg consumption in hyper-responders are not related to an increased number of LDL or HDL particles but, to an increase in the less atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions. Also, increases in plasma carotenoids after EGG may provide a valuable dietary source for this population.

Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Greene Christine M
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. [email protected]
Waters David
Clark Richard M
Contois John H
Fernandez Maria Luz
References (55)
55 references, click to expand
  1. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge.
    Clin Chem. 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502 PMID: 4337382
  2. Quantification of plasma lipoproteins by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Clin Chem. 1991 Mar;37(3):377-86 PMID: 2004444
  3. LDL size in African Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites : the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 Sep;19(9):2234-40 PMID: 10479667
  4. Relations of lipoprotein subclass levels and low-density lipoprotein size to progression of coronary artery disease in the Pravastatin Limitation of Atherosclerosis in the Coronary Arteries (PLAC-I) trial.
    Am J Cardiol. 2002 Jul 15;90(2):89-94 PMID: 12106834
  5. Fruits and vegetables that are sources for lutein and zeaxanthin: the macular pigment in human eyes.
    Br J Ophthalmol. 1998 Aug;82(8):907-10 PMID: 9828775
  6. High density lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis. A strong inverse relation with the largest particles is confined to normotriglyceridemic patients.
    Arterioscler Thromb. 1991 Jan-Feb;11(1):174-82 PMID: 1987996
  7. Nutrition in the elderly.
    Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2004 Mar;20(2):125-9 PMID: 15703633
  8. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction.
    JAMA. 1988 Oct 7;260(13):1917-21 PMID: 3418853
  9. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma after dietary supplementation with egg yolk.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Aug;70(2):247-51 PMID: 10426702
  10. Relation of lipoprotein subclasses as measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to coronary artery disease.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998 Jul;18(7):1046-53 PMID: 9672064
  11. Association of carotenoids with human plasma lipoproteins.
    Methods Enzymol. 1993;214:33-46 PMID: 8469147
  12. Is there a genetic basis for resistance to atherosclerosis?
    Atherosclerosis. 2002 Jan;160(1):1-10 PMID: 11755917
  13. Alterations in the concentration of an apolipoprotein E-containing subfraction of plasma high density lipoprotein in coronary heart disease.
    Clin Chim Acta. 1993 Nov 15;220(2):175-87 PMID: 8111962
  14. A review of scientific research and recommendations regarding eggs.
    J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Dec;23(6 Suppl):596S-600S PMID: 15640512
  15. Pre-menopausal women, classified as hypo- or hyperresponders, do not alter their LDL/HDL ratio following a high dietary cholesterol challenge.
    J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Jun;21(3):250-8 PMID: 12074253
  16. Nutritional and clinical relevance of lutein in human health.
    Br J Nutr. 2003 Sep;90(3):487-502 PMID: 14513828
  17. Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women.
    JAMA. 1996 Sep 18;276(11):875-81 PMID: 8782636
  18. Low density lipoprotein particle size and coronary artery disease.
    Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Feb;12(2):187-95 PMID: 1543692
  19. National Cholesterol Education Program. Report of the Expert Panel on Population Strategies for Blood Cholesterol Reduction: executive summary. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
    Arch Intern Med. 1991 Jun;151(6):1071-84 PMID: 2043010
  20. Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jun;69(6):1086-107 PMID: 10357726
  21. A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women.
    JAMA. 1999 Apr 21;281(15):1387-94 PMID: 10217054
  22. Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ precipitation procedure for quantitation of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.
    Clin Chem. 1982 Jun;28(6):1379-88 PMID: 7074948
  23. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).
    JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97 PMID: 11368702
  24. A prospective, population-based study of low density lipoprotein particle size as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in men.
    Can J Cardiol. 2001 Aug;17(8):859-65 PMID: 11521128
  25. Low-density lipoprotein particle concentration and size as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as predictors of cardiovascular disease in women.
    Circulation. 2002 Oct 8;106(15):1930-7 PMID: 12370215
  26. A prospective study of triglyceride level, low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction.
    JAMA. 1996 Sep 18;276(11):882-8 PMID: 8782637
  27. Maintenance of the LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio in an elderly population given a dietary cholesterol challenge.
    J Nutr. 2005 Dec;135(12):2793-8 PMID: 16317122
  28. Dietary cholesterol does not increase biomarkers for chronic disease in a pediatric population from northern Mexico.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;80(4):855-61 PMID: 15447890
  29. Diet and lifestyle correlates of lutein in the blood and diet.
    J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):525S-530S PMID: 11880586
  30. Vitamin E and heart disease: basic science to clinical intervention trials.
    Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):141-64 PMID: 10656300
  31. Development of a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for determining plasma lipoprotein concentrations and subspecies distributions from a single, rapid measurement.
    Clin Chem. 1992 Sep;38(9):1632-8 PMID: 1326420
  32. Men classified as hypo- or hyperresponders to dietary cholesterol feeding exhibit differences in lipoprotein metabolism.
    J Nutr. 2003 Apr;133(4):1036-42 PMID: 12672915
  33. Predictions of plasma cholesterol responses to dietary cholesterol.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Mar;41(3):657-9 PMID: 3976567
  34. LDL size: does it matter?
    Swiss Med Wkly. 2004 Dec 18;134(49-50):720-4 PMID: 15635490
  35. Influence of nutrition on cognitive function in a group of elderly, independently living people.
    Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;57 Suppl 1:S54-7 PMID: 12947454
  36. Enzymatic determination of triglyceride, free cholesterol, and total cholesterol in tissue lipid extracts.
    Clin Biochem. 1993 Feb;26(1):39-42 PMID: 8448837
  37. Comparison of various electrophoretic characteristics of LDL particles and their relationship to the risk of ischemic heart disease.
    Circulation. 2001 Nov 6;104(19):2295-9 PMID: 11696468
  38. Dietary guidelines for healthy American adults. A statement for health professionals from the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association.
    Circulation. 1996 Oct 1;94(7):1795-800 PMID: 8840887
  39. A rapid method for separation of plasma low and high density lipoproteins for tocopherol and carotenoid analyses.
    Lipids. 1996 Apr;31(4):421-6 PMID: 8743055
  40. Dietary cholesterol and atherosclerosis.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Dec 15;1529(1-3):310-20 PMID: 11111098
  41. Absorption, metabolism, and transport of carotenoids.
    FASEB J. 1996 Apr;10(5):542-51 PMID: 8621054
  42. The distribution of high-density lipoprotein subfractions in coronary survivors.
    Biochem Soc Trans. 1990 Dec;18(6):1175-6 PMID: 2088845
  43. Eggs, serum cholesterol, and coronary heart disease.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Oct;36(4):617-25 PMID: 7124663
  44. Relation among serum and tissue concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin and macular pigment density.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1555-62 PMID: 10837298
  45. Strengthening the role of nutrition and improving the health of the elderly population.
    J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Mar;103(3):337 PMID: 12616255
  46. High intake of cholesterol results in less atherogenic low-density lipoprotein particles in men and women independent of response classification.
    Metabolism. 2004 Jun;53(6):823-30 PMID: 15164336
  47. Significance of small dense low-density lipoproteins and other risk factors in patients with various types of coronary heart disease.
    Am Heart J. 2002 Dec;144(6):1026-35 PMID: 12486427
  48. Relations of vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, folate, and homocysteine to cognitive performance in the Normative Aging Study.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Mar;63(3):306-14 PMID: 8602585
  49. The small, dense LDL phenotype and the risk of coronary heart disease: epidemiology, patho-physiology and therapeutic aspects.
    Diabetes Metab. 1999 Sep;25(3):199-211 PMID: 10499189
  50. Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention.
    J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Dec;23(6 Suppl):567S-587S PMID: 15640510
  51. Hypo- and hyperresponders to dietary cholesterol.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Jun;43(6):974-8 PMID: 3717075
  52. Relationships of low density lipoprotein subfractions to angiographically defined coronary artery disease in young survivors of myocardial infarction.
    Atherosclerosis. 1991 Sep;90(1):67-80 PMID: 1799399
  53. Sex and age differences in lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: the Framingham Study.
    Clin Chem. 2004 Jul;50(7):1189-200 PMID: 15107310
  54. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol.
    Clin Chem. 1974 Apr;20(4):470-5 PMID: 4818200
  55. Nutritional contribution of eggs to American diets.
    J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Oct;19(5 Suppl):556S-562S PMID: 11023007
Article Info
Journal
Nutrition & metabolism
Abbr.
Nutr Metab (Lond)
ISSN
1743-7075
DOI
10.1186/1743-7075-3-6
Email
[email protected]
Published
2006-01-06
Epub
2006-00-06
Pages
6
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
101231644
PMCID
PMC1386675
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-3-6 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2