Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 16404432 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Evaluation of an inflammation-based prognostic score (GPS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

British journal of cancer ·Vol. 94 ·No. 2 ·2006-01-30 ·Pages 227-30

Al Murri AM, Bartlett JM, Canney PA, Doughty JC, Wilson C, McMillan DC

Abstract

Prediction of outcome in patients with metastatic breast cancer remains problematical. The present study evaluated the value of an inflammation-based score (Glasgow Prognostic Score, GPS) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The GPS was constructed as follows: patients with both an elevated C-reactive protein (>10 mg l(-1)) and hypoalbuminaemia (<35 g l(-1)) were allocated a score of 2. Patients in whom only one or none of these biochemical abnormalities was present were allocated a score of 1 or 0, respectively. In total, 96 patients were studied. During follow-up 51 patients died of their cancer. On multivariate analysis of the GPS and treatment received, only the GPS (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.45-3.52, P<0.001) remained significantly associated with cancer-specific survival. The presence of a systemic inflammatory response (the GPS) appears to be a useful indicator of poor outcome independent of treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

MeSH Terms
Breast Neoplasms/mortality,pathology C-Reactive Protein/analysis Disease-Free Survival Female Glasgow Outcome Scale Humans Inflammation/pathology Middle Aged Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology Prognosis Serum Albumin Survival Analysis Survival Rate
Chemicals
Serum Albumin C-Reactive Protein
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Al Murri A M
University Department of Surgery, Royal and Western Infirmaries, Glasgow, UK.
Bartlett J M S
Canney P A
Doughty J C
Wilson C
McMillan D C
References (27)
27 references, click to expand
  1. Short versus long duration infusions of paclitaxel for any adenocarcinoma.
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(1):CD003911 PMID: 12535492
  2. Differences in breast cancer stage, treatment, and survival by race and ethnicity.
    Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jan 13;163(1):49-56 PMID: 12523916
  3. A systematic review of physicians' survival predictions in terminally ill cancer patients.
    BMJ. 2003 Jul 26;327(7408):195-8 PMID: 12881260
  4. Evaluation of cumulative prognostic scores based on the systemic inflammatory response in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer.
    Br J Cancer. 2003 Sep 15;89(6):1028-30 PMID: 12966420
  5. Metastatic breast cancer: overview of treatment.
    Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Oct;(415 Suppl):S132-7 PMID: 14600603
  6. Comparison of an inflammation-based prognostic score (GPS) with performance status (ECOG) in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy for inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer.
    Br J Cancer. 2004 May 4;90(9):1704-6 PMID: 15150622
  7. Score based on hypoalbuminemia and elevated C-reactive protein predicts survival in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer.
    Nutr Cancer. 2004;48(2):171-3 PMID: 15231451
  8. Pre-treatment serum levels of tumour markers in metastatic breast cancer: a prospective assessment of their role in predicting response to therapy and survival.
    Eur J Surg Oncol. 1995 Oct;21(5):504-9 PMID: 7589594
  9. Different survival determinants of metastatic breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy or chemo-endocrine therapy.
    Int J Oncol. 1998 Apr;12(4):817-24 PMID: 9499441
  10. Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group.
    Lancet. 1998 Sep 19;352(9132):930-42 PMID: 9752815
  11. Longitudinal study of body cell mass depletion and the inflammatory response in cancer patients.
    Nutr Cancer. 1998;31(2):101-5 PMID: 9770720
  12. Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation.
    N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 11;340(6):448-54 PMID: 9971870
  13. Serum interleukin-6 levels correlate to tumor progression and prognosis in metastatic breast carcinoma.
    Anticancer Res. 1999 Mar-Apr;19(2B):1427-32 PMID: 10365118
  14. Prognostic factors predicting survival from first recurrence in patients with metastatic breast cancer: analysis of 439 patients.
    Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1999 Jul;56(1):67-78 PMID: 10517344
  15. Facts and controversies in systemic treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
    Oncologist. 2004;9(6):617-32 PMID: 15561806
  16. The relationship between circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
    Br J Cancer. 2004 Dec 13;91(12):1993-5 PMID: 15570310
  17. A prospective longitudinal study of performance status, an inflammation-based score (GPS) and survival in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer.
    Br J Cancer. 2005 May 23;92(10):1834-6 PMID: 15870712
  18. Prognostic factors in advanced cancer patients: evidence-based clinical recommendations--a study by the Steering Committee of the European Association for Palliative Care.
    J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 1;23(25):6240-8 PMID: 16135490
  19. Extent and determinants of error in doctors' prognoses in terminally ill patients: prospective cohort study.
    BMJ. 2000 Feb 19;320(7233):469-72 PMID: 10678857
  20. Prognostic factors in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients with weight loss.
    Nutr Cancer. 2000;37(1):36-40 PMID: 10965517
  21. Cachexia.
    Ann Intern Med. 2000 Oct 17;133(8):622-34 PMID: 11033592
  22. Regulation of interleukin-6 secretion from breast cancer cells and its clinical implications.
    Breast Cancer. 2000;7(2):124-9 PMID: 11029783
  23. Differences in stage and therapy for breast cancer across Europe.
    Int J Cancer. 2001 Sep15;93(6):894-901 PMID: 11519054
  24. Prognostic value of performance status assessed by patients themselves, nurses, and oncologists in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
    Br J Cancer. 2001 Nov 30;85(11):1634-9 PMID: 11742480
  25. The role of C-reactive protein as a prognostic indicator in advanced cancer.
    Curr Oncol Rep. 2002 May;4(3):250-5 PMID: 11937016
  26. Immune changes in patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy with taxanes.
    Br J Cancer. 2002 Jul 1;87(1):21-7 PMID: 12085250
  27. Cancer statistics, 2003.
    CA Cancer J Clin. 2003 Jan-Feb;53(1):5-26 PMID: 12568441
Article Info
Journal
British journal of cancer
Abbr.
Br J Cancer
ISSN
0007-0920
DOI
10.1038/sj.bjc.6602922
Published
2006-01-30
Pages
227-30
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0370635
PMCID
PMC2361117
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602922 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2