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PMID: 1671572 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Cholesterol is required for infection by Semliki Forest virus.

The Journal of cell biology ·Vol. 112 ·No. 4 ·1991-02-00 ·Pages 615-23

Phalen T, Kielian M

Abstract

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and many other enveloped animal viruses enter cells by a membrane fusion reaction triggered by the low pH within the endocytic pathway. In vitro, SFV fusion requires cholesterol in the target membrane, but the role of cholesterol in vivo is unknown. In this paper, the infection pathway of SFV was studied in mammalian and inset cells substantially depleted of sterol. Cholesterol-depleted cells were unaltered in their ability to bind, internalize, and acidify virus, but were blocked in SFV fusion and subsequent virus replication. Depleted cells could be infected by the cholesterol-independent vesicular stomatitis virus, which also enters cells via endocytosis and low pH-mediated fusion. The block in SFV infection was specifically reversed by cholesterol but not by cholestenone, which lacks the critical 3 beta-hydroxyl group. Cholesterol thus is central in the infection pathway of SFV, and may act in vivo to modulate infection by SFV and other pathogens.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cell Line Cells, Cultured Cholesterol/physiology Cholesterol Oxidase Cricetinae Culicidae Endocytosis Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Membrane Fusion/physiology Organ Specificity RNA, Viral/metabolism Semliki forest virus/physiology Species Specificity Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/physiology
Chemicals
RNA, Viral Cholesterol Cholesterol Oxidase
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Phalen T
Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
Kielian M
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Article Info
Journal
The Journal of cell biology
Abbr.
J Cell Biol
ISSN
0021-9525
DOI
10.1083/jcb.112.4.615
Published
1991-02-00
Pages
615-23
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0375356
PMCID
PMC2288857
Subset
IM
Grants
NHLBI NIH HHS · 15T32 HL-07675 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM-38743 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · P30-CA13330 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1083/jcb.112.4.615 PMC Full Text View journal details
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