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PMID: 17040127 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Terminal reassortment drives the quantum evolution of type III effectors in bacterial pathogens.

PLoS pathogens ·Vol. 2 ·No. 10 ·2006-10-00 ·Pages e104

Stavrinides J, Ma W, Guttman DS

Abstract

Many bacterial pathogens employ a type III secretion system to deliver type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) into host cells, where they interact directly with host substrates to modulate defense pathways and promote disease. This interaction creates intense selective pressures on these secreted effectors, necessitating rapid evolution to overcome host surveillance systems and defenses. Using computational and evolutionary approaches, we have identified numerous mosaic and truncated T3SEs among animal and plant pathogens. We propose that these secreted virulence genes have evolved through a shuffling process we have called "terminal reassortment." In terminal reassortment, existing T3SE termini are mobilized within the genome, creating random genetic fusions that result in chimeric genes. Up to 32% of T3SE families in species with relatively large and well-characterized T3SE repertoires show evidence of terminal reassortment, as compared to only 7% of non-T3SE families. Terminal reassortment may permit the near instantaneous evolution of new T3SEs and appears responsible for major modifications to effector activity and function. Because this process plays a more significant role in the evolution of T3SEs than non-effectors, it provides insight into the evolutionary origins of T3SEs and may also help explain the rapid emergence of new infectious agents.

MeSH Terms
Bacterial Proteins/genetics,metabolism Chimera/genetics Computational Biology Evolution, Molecular Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Genes, Bacterial/genetics Gram-Negative Bacteria/genetics,pathogenicity Phylogeny Selection, Genetic Virulence Factors
Chemicals
Bacterial Proteins Virulence Factors
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Stavrinides John
Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [email protected]
Ma Wenbo
Guttman David S
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Article Info
Journal
PLoS pathogens
Abbr.
PLoS Pathog
ISSN
1553-7374
DOI
10.1371/journal.ppat.0020104
Email
[email protected]
Published
2006-10-00
Pages
e104
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101238921
PMCID
PMC1599762
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020104 PMC Full Text View journal details
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