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PMID: 17349009 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Translational mini-review series on type 1 diabetes: Systematic analysis of T cell epitopes in autoimmune diabetes.

Clinical and experimental immunology ·Vol. 148 ·No. 1 ·2007-04-00 ·Pages 1-16

Di Lorenzo TP, Peakman M, Roep BO

Abstract

T cell epitopes represent the molecular code words through which the adaptive immune system communicates. In the context of a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease such as type 1 diabetes, CD4 and CD8 T cell recognition of islet autoantigenic epitopes is a key step in the autoimmune cascade. Epitope recognition takes place during the generation of tolerance, during its loss as the disease process is initiated, and during epitope spreading as islet cell damage is perpetuated. Epitope recognition is also a potentially critical element in therapeutic interventions such as antigen-specific immunotherapy. T cell epitope discovery, therefore, is an important component of type 1 diabetes research, in both human and murine models. With this in mind, in this review we present a comprehensive guide to epitopes that have been identified as T cell targets in autoimmune diabetes. Targets of both CD4 and CD8 T cells are listed for human type 1 diabetes, for humanized [human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-transgenic] mouse models, and for the major spontaneous disease model, the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Importantly, for each epitope we provide an analysis of the relative stringency with which it has been identified, including whether recognition is spontaneous or induced and whether there is evidence that the epitope is generated from the native protein by natural antigen processing. This analysis provides an important resource for investigating diabetes pathogenesis, for developing antigen-specific therapies, and for developing strategies for T cell monitoring during disease development and therapeutic intervention.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals Autoantigens/immunology Autoimmune Diseases/immunology CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/analysis,genetics HLA-D Antigens/immunology Humans Mice Molecular Sequence Data
Chemicals
Autoantigens Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte HLA-D Antigens
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Di Lorenzo T P
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. [email protected]
Peakman M
Roep B O
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Article Info
Journal
Clinical and experimental immunology
Abbr.
Clin Exp Immunol
ISSN
0009-9104
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03244.x
Email
[email protected]
Published
2007-04-00
Pages
1-16
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0057202
PMCID
PMC1868845
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03244.x PMC Full Text View journal details
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