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PMID: 18020713 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

POF and HP1 bind expressed exons, suggesting a balancing mechanism for gene regulation.

PLoS genetics ·Vol. 3 ·No. 11 ·2007-11-00 ·Pages e209

Johansson AM, Stenberg P, Pettersson F, Larsson J

Abstract

Two specific chromosome-targeting and gene regulatory systems are present in Drosophila melanogaster. The male X chromosome is targeted by the male-specific lethal complex believed to mediate the 2-fold up-regulation of the X-linked genes, and the highly heterochromatic fourth chromosome is specifically targeted by the Painting of Fourth (POF) protein, which, together with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), modulates the expression level of genes on the fourth chromosome. Here we use chromatin immunoprecipitation and tiling microarray analysis to map POF and HP1 on the fourth chromosome in S2 cells and salivary glands at high resolution. The enrichment profiles were complemented by transcript profiles to examine the link between binding and transcripts. The results show that POF specifically binds to genes, with a strong preference for exons, and the HP1 binding profile is a mirror image of POF, although HP1 displays an additional "peak" in the promoter regions of bound genes. HP1 binding within genes is much higher than the basal HP1 enrichment on Chromosome 4. Our results suggest a balancing mechanism for the regulation of the fourth chromosome where POF and HP1 competitively bind at increasing levels with increased transcriptional activity. In addition, our results contradict transposable elements as a major nucleation site for HP1 on the fourth chromosome.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cell Line Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Chromobox Protein Homolog 5 Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism Chromosomes/genetics DNA Transposable Elements/genetics Drosophila Proteins/metabolism Drosophila melanogaster/genetics Exons/genetics Female Gene Expression Regulation Gene Silencing Genes, Insect Male Mutagenesis, Insertional Organ Specificity Protein Binding RNA, Messenger/genetics,metabolism Salivary Glands/metabolism Transcription, Genetic Transgenes
Chemicals
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone DNA Transposable Elements Drosophila Proteins Pof protein, Drosophila RNA, Messenger Chromobox Protein Homolog 5
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Johansson Anna-Mia
Umeå Center for Molecular Pathogens, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Stenberg Per
Pettersson Fredrik
Larsson Jan
Conflict of Interest

Competing interests. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Article Info
Journal
PLoS genetics
Abbr.
PLoS Genet
ISSN
1553-7404
DOI
10.1371/journal.pgen.0030209
Published
2007-11-00
Pages
e209
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101239074
PMCID
PMC2077892
Subset
IM
Grants
Wellcome Trust · United Kingdom
Databases
GEO
GSE8301
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030209 PMC Full Text View journal details
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