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PMID: 19153673 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review

Mechanics, malignancy, and metastasis: the force journey of a tumor cell.

Cancer metastasis reviews ·Vol. 28 ·No. 1-2 ·2009-06-00 ·Pages 113-27

Kumar S, Weaver VM

Abstract

A cell undergoes many genetic and epigenetic changes as it transitions to malignancy. Malignant transformation is also accompanied by a progressive loss of tissue homeostasis and perturbations in tissue architecture that ultimately culminates in tumor cell invasion into the parenchyma and metastasis to distant organ sites. Increasingly, cancer biologists have begun to recognize that a critical component of this transformation journey involves marked alterations in the mechanical phenotype of the cell and its surrounding microenvironment. These mechanical differences include modifications in cell and tissue structure, adaptive force-induced changes in the environment, altered processing of micromechanical cues encoded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and cell-directed remodeling of the extracellular stroma. Here, we review critical steps in this "force journey," including mechanical contributions to tissue dysplasia, invasion of the ECM, and metastasis. We discuss the biophysical basis of this force journey and present recent advances in the measurement of cellular mechanical properties in vitro and in vivo. We end by describing examples of molecular mechanisms through which tumor cells sense, process and respond to mechanical forces in their environment. While our understanding of the mechanical components of tumor growth, survival and motility remains in its infancy, considerable work has already yielded valuable insight into the molecular basis of force-dependent tumor pathophysiology, which offers new directions in cancer chemotherapeutics.

MeSH Terms
Animals Biophysics/methods Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Epigenesis, Genetic Extracellular Matrix/metabolism Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism Humans Lasers Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods Models, Biological Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms/metabolism,pathology Stress, Mechanical rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
Chemicals
Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases rho-Associated Kinases
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Kumar Sanjay
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA. [email protected]
Weaver Valerie M
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Article Info
Journal
Cancer metastasis reviews
Abbr.
Cancer Metastasis Rev
ISSN
1573-7233
DOI
10.1007/s10555-008-9173-4
Email
[email protected]
Published
2009-06-00
Pages
113-27
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
8605731
PMCID
PMC2658728
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · R01 CA078731 · United States
NIH HHS · 1DP2OD004213 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · 7R01CA078731-07 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · R01 CA078731-07 · United States
NIH HHS · DP2 OD004213 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9173-4 PMC Full Text View journal details
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