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PMID: 19307103 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

The etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease: a story of genes and environment.

Journal of autoimmunity ·Vol. 32 ·No. 3-4 ·2009-00-00 ·Pages 231-9

Tomer Y, Huber A

Abstract

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are prevalent autoimmune diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general population. Autoimmune thyroid diseases arise due to complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic and environmental triggers contributing to AITD. However, the interactions between genes and environment are yet to be defined. Among the major AITD susceptibility genes that have been identified and characterized is the HLA-DR gene locus, as well as non-MHC genes including the CTLA-4, CD40, PTPN22, thyroglobulin, and TSH receptor genes. The major environmental triggers of AITD include iodine, medications, infection, smoking, and possibly stress. Recent data on the genetic predisposition to AITD lead to novel putative mechanisms by which the genetic-environmental interactions may lead to the development of thyroid autoimmunity.

MeSH Terms
Antigens, CD/genetics,immunology,metabolism Autoimmunity/genetics,immunology CD40 Antigens/genetics,immunology,metabolism CTLA-4 Antigen Environment Genetic Predisposition to Disease HLA-DR Antigens/genetics,immunology Humans Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/genetics,immunology,metabolism Receptors, Thyrotropin/genetics,immunology,metabolism Thyroglobulin/genetics,immunology,metabolism Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/etiology,genetics,immunology,metabolism
Chemicals
Antigens, CD CD40 Antigens CTLA-4 Antigen CTLA4 protein, human HLA-DR Antigens Receptors, Thyrotropin Thyroglobulin PTPN22 protein, human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Tomer Yaron
Division of Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. [email protected]
Huber Amanda
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Article Info
Journal
Journal of autoimmunity
Abbr.
J Autoimmun
ISSN
1095-9157
DOI
10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.007
Email
[email protected]
Published
2009-00-00
Pages
231-9
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
8812164
PMCID
PMC3561494
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK067555 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK073681 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK067555 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK061659 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK061659 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK073681 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.007 PMC Full Text View journal details
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