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PMID: 20713515 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review

Early abscisic acid signal transduction mechanisms: newly discovered components and newly emerging questions.

Genes & development ·Vol. 24 ·No. 16 ·2010-08-15 ·Pages 1695-708

Hubbard KE, Nishimura N, Hitomi K, Getzoff ED, Schroeder JI

Abstract

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes in plants, including seed germination and development and abiotic stress tolerance, particularly drought resistance. Understanding early events in ABA signal transduction has been a major goal of plant research. The recent identification of the PYRABACTIN (4-bromo-N-[pyridin-2-yl methyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonamide) RESISTANCE (PYR)/REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTOR (RCAR) family of ABA receptors and their biochemical mode of action represents a major breakthrough in the field. The solving of PYR/RCAR structures provides a context for resolving mechanisms mediating ABA control of protein-protein interactions for downstream signaling. Recent studies show that a pathway based on PYR/RCAR ABA receptors, PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2Cs (PP2Cs), and SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2s (SnRK2s) forms the primary basis of an early ABA signaling module. This pathway interfaces with ion channels, transcription factors, and other targets, thus providing a mechanistic connection between the phytohormone and ABA-induced responses. This emerging PYR/RCAR-PP2C-SnRK2 model of ABA signal transduction is reviewed here, and provides an opportunity for testing novel hypotheses concerning ABA signaling. We address newly emerging questions, including the potential roles of different PYR/RCAR isoforms, and the significance of ABA-induced versus constitutive PYR/RCAR-PP2C interactions. We also consider how the PYR/RCAR-PP2C-SnRK2 pathway interfaces with ABA-dependent gene expression, ion channel regulation, and control of small molecule signaling. These exciting developments provide researchers with a framework through which early ABA signaling can be understood, and allow novel questions about the hormone response pathway and possible applications in stress resistance engineering of plants to be addressed.

MeSH Terms
Abscisic Acid/metabolism Arabidopsis/enzymology,physiology Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism Plant Physiological Phenomena Plants/enzymology Protein Binding Protein Phosphatase 2C Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism Signal Transduction Transcriptional Activation
Chemicals
Abscisic Acid Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Protein Phosphatase 2C
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Hubbard Katharine E
Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Nishimura Noriyuki
Hitomi Kenichi
Getzoff Elizabeth D
Schroeder Julian I
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Article Info
Journal
Genes & development
Abbr.
Genes Dev
ISSN
1549-5477
DOI
10.1101/gad.1953910
Published
2010-08-15
Pages
1695-708
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8711660
PMCID
PMC2922499
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM037684 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM060396 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM37684 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM060396 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1101/gad.1953910 PMC Full Text View journal details
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