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PMID: 21079038 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: beyond CB₁ and CB₂.

Pharmacological reviews ·Vol. 62 ·No. 4 ·2010-12-00 ·Pages 588-631

Pertwee RG, Howlett AC, Abood ME, Alexander SP, Di Marzo V, Elphick MR, Greasley PJ, Hansen HS, Kunos G, Mackie K, Mechoulam R, Ross RA

Abstract

There are at least two types of cannabinoid receptors (CB(1) and CB(2)). Ligands activating these G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) include the phytocannabinoid Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, numerous synthetic compounds, and endogenous compounds known as endocannabinoids. Cannabinoid receptor antagonists have also been developed. Some of these ligands activate or block one type of cannabinoid receptor more potently than the other type. This review summarizes current data indicating the extent to which cannabinoid receptor ligands undergo orthosteric or allosteric interactions with non-CB(1), non-CB(2) established GPCRs, deorphanized receptors such as GPR55, ligand-gated ion channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, and other ion channels or peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptors. From these data, it is clear that some ligands that interact similarly with CB(1) and/or CB(2) receptors are likely to display significantly different pharmacological profiles. The review also lists some criteria that any novel "CB(3)" cannabinoid receptor or channel should fulfil and concludes that these criteria are not currently met by any non-CB(1), non-CB(2) pharmacological receptor or channel. However, it does identify certain pharmacological targets that should be investigated further as potential CB(3) receptors or channels. These include TRP vanilloid 1, which possibly functions as an ionotropic cannabinoid receptor under physiological and/or pathological conditions, and some deorphanized GPCRs. Also discussed are 1) the ability of CB(1) receptors to form heteromeric complexes with certain other GPCRs, 2) phylogenetic relationships that exist between CB(1)/CB(2) receptors and other GPCRs, 3) evidence for the existence of several as-yet-uncharacterized non-CB(1), non-CB(2) cannabinoid receptors; and 4) current cannabinoid receptor nomenclature.

MeSH Terms
Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/metabolism Cannabinoids/metabolism Humans Ligands Phylogeny Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists,antagonists & inhibitors,metabolism Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists,antagonists & inhibitors,metabolism Receptors, Cannabinoid/metabolism Terminology as Topic
Chemicals
Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators Cannabinoids Ligands Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 Receptors, Cannabinoid
Authors & Affiliations
12 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Pertwee R G
School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. [email protected]
Howlett A C
Abood M E
Alexander S P H
Di Marzo V
Elphick M R
Greasley P J
Hansen H S
Kunos G
Mackie K
Mechoulam R
Ross R A
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Article Info
Journal
Pharmacological reviews
Abbr.
Pharmacol Rev
ISSN
1521-0081
DOI
10.1124/pr.110.003004
Email
[email protected]
Published
2010-12-00
Pages
588-631
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0421737
PMCID
PMC2993256
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDA NIH HHS · DA023204 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · P50 DA005274 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA003672 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · DA03672 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · P01 DA009789 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA023204 · United States
Intramural NIH HHS · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA003690 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · DA03934 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA003934 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · DA009789 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · DA021696 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · DA05274 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R37 DA003672 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA003672-27 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · K05 DA021696 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · DA03690 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003004 PMC Full Text View journal details
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