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PMID: 21487421 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Clinical and pathological features of alcohol-related brain damage.

Nature reviews. Neurology ·Vol. 7 ·No. 5 ·2011-05-00 ·Pages 284-94

Zahr NM, Kaufman KL, Harper CG

Abstract

One of the sequelae of chronic alcohol abuse is malnutrition. Importantly, a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B(1)) can result in the acute, potentially reversible neurological disorder Wernicke encephalopathy (WE). When WE is recognized, thiamine treatment can elicit a rapid clinical recovery. If WE is left untreated, however, patients can develop Korsakoff syndrome (KS), a severe neurological disorder characterized by anterograde amnesia. Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) describes the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on human brain structure and function in the absence of more discrete and well-characterized neurological concomitants of alcoholism such as WE and KS. Through knowledge of both the well-described changes in brain structure and function that are evident in alcohol-related disorders such as WE and KS and the clinical outcomes associated with these changes, researchers have begun to gain a better understanding of ARBD. This Review examines ARBD from the perspective of WE and KS, exploring the clinical presentations, postmortem brain pathology, in vivo MRI findings and potential molecular mechanisms associated with these conditions. An awareness of the consequences of chronic alcohol consumption on human behavior and brain structure can enable clinicians to improve detection and treatment of ARBD.

MeSH Terms
Alcohol-Related Disorders/pathology Alcoholism/complications,pathology Brain/drug effects,pathology Brain Damage, Chronic/chemically induced,pathology Ethanol/adverse effects Humans Korsakoff Syndrome/chemically induced,pathology Wernicke Encephalopathy/chemically induced,pathology
Chemicals
Ethanol
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Zahr Natalie M
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Kaufman Kimberley L
Harper Clive G
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Article Info
Journal
Nature reviews. Neurology
Abbr.
Nat Rev Neurol
ISSN
1759-4766
DOI
10.1038/nrneurol.2011.42
Published
2011-05-00
Epub
2011-00-12
Pages
284-94
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
101500072
PMCID
PMC8121189
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAAA NIH HHS · R01 AA005965 · United States
NIAAA NIH HHS · R01 AA010723 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2011.42 PMC Full Text View journal details
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