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PMID: 21832190 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Mapping human cortical areas in vivo based on myelin content as revealed by T1- and T2-weighted MRI.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience ·Vol. 31 ·No. 32 ·2011-08-10 ·Pages 11597-616

Glasser MF, Van Essen DC

Abstract

Noninvasively mapping the layout of cortical areas in humans is a continuing challenge for neuroscience. We present a new method of mapping cortical areas based on myelin content as revealed by T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) MRI. The method is generalizable across different 3T scanners and pulse sequences. We use the ratio of T1w/T2w image intensities to eliminate the MR-related image intensity bias and enhance the contrast to noise ratio for myelin. Data from each subject were mapped to the cortical surface and aligned across individuals using surface-based registration. The spatial gradient of the group average myelin map provides an observer-independent measure of sharp transitions in myelin content across the surface--i.e., putative cortical areal borders. We found excellent agreement between the gradients of the myelin maps and the gradients of published probabilistic cytoarchitectonically defined cortical areas that were registered to the same surface-based atlas. For other cortical regions, we used published anatomical and functional information to make putative identifications of dozens of cortical areas or candidate areas. In general, primary and early unimodal association cortices are heavily myelinated and higher, multimodal, association cortices are more lightly myelinated, but there are notable exceptions in the literature that are confirmed by our results. The overall pattern in the myelin maps also has important correlations with the developmental onset of subcortical white matter myelination, evolutionary cortical areal expansion in humans compared with macaques, postnatal cortical expansion in humans, and maps of neuronal density in non-human primates.

MeSH Terms
Adolescent Adult Brain Mapping/methods Cerebral Cortex/physiology Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods Male Middle Aged Myelin Sheath/physiology Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/physiology Young Adult
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Glasser Matthew F
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Van Essen David C
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Article Info
Journal
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Abbr.
J Neurosci
ISSN
1529-2401
DOI
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2180-11.2011
Published
2011-08-10
Pages
11597-616
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8102140
PMCID
PMC3167149
Subset
IM
Grants
NIMH NIH HHS · MH056584 · United States
NIBIB NIH HHS · U54 EB005149 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH060974 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · S10 RR022984 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · T32 GM007200 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · P41 RR013218 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · U54 MH091657-01 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · P41 RR 13218 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH060974-18 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · P50 MH071616 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · MH071616 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH-60974 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH056584 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · 1U54MH091657-01 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · U54 MH091657 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · 1S10RR022984-01 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2180-11.2011 PMC Full Text View journal details
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