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PMID: 22026965 Published · epublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Synaptic vesicle exocytosis.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology ·Vol. 3 ·No. 12 ·2011-12-01

Südhof TC, Rizo J

Abstract

Presynaptic nerve terminals release neurotransmitters by synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Membrane fusion mediating synaptic exocytosis and other intracellular membrane traffic is affected by a universal machinery that includes SNARE (for "soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor") and SM (for "Sec1/Munc18-like") proteins. During fusion, vesicular and target SNARE proteins assemble into an α-helical trans-SNARE complex that forces the two membranes tightly together, and SM proteins likely wrap around assembling trans-SNARE complexes to catalyze membrane fusion. After fusion, SNARE complexes are dissociated by the ATPase NSF (for "N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor"). Fusion-competent conformations of SNARE proteins are maintained by chaperone complexes composed of CSPα, Hsc70, and SGT, and by nonenzymatically acting synuclein chaperones; dysfunction of these chaperones results in neurodegeneration. The synaptic membrane-fusion machinery is controlled by synaptotagmin, and additionally regulated by a presynaptic protein matrix (the "active zone") that includes Munc13 and RIM proteins as central components.

MeSH Terms
Animals Exocytosis GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry,metabolism,physiology Humans Membrane Fusion Mice Models, Biological Munc18 Proteins/metabolism,physiology Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry,metabolism,physiology Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism Protein Folding SNARE Proteins/metabolism,physiology Synaptic Vesicles/physiology Synaptotagmins/metabolism,physiology
Chemicals
Munc18 Proteins Nerve Tissue Proteins Neurotransmitter Agents Rim protein, mammalian SNARE Proteins Synaptotagmins GTP-Binding Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Südhof Thomas C
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California 94305, USA. [email protected]
Rizo Josep
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Article Info
Journal
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
Abbr.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
ISSN
1943-0264
DOI
10.1101/cshperspect.a005637
Email
[email protected]
Published
2011-12-01
Epub
2011-00-01
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101513680
PMCID
PMC3225952
Subset
IM
Grants
NINDS NIH HHS · NS053862 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · P01 NS053862 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS040944 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · P50 MH086403 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · MH089054 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS077906 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · NS37200 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · MH086403 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH089054 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · NS40944 · United States
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS037200 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005637 PMC Full Text View journal details
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