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PMID: 27398621 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes.

Nature ·Vol. 536 ·No. 7614 ·2016-00-04 ·Pages 41-47

Fuchsberger C, Flannick J, Teslovich TM, Mahajan A, Agarwala V, Gaulton KJ, Ma C, Fontanillas P, Moutsianas L, McCarthy DJ, Rivas MA, Perry JRB, Sim X, Blackwell TW, Robertson NR, Rayner NW, Cingolani P, Locke AE, Tajes JF, Highland HM, Dupuis J, Chines PS, Lindgren CM, Hartl C, Jackson AU, Chen H, Huyghe JR, van de Bunt M, Pearson RD, Kumar A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Grarup N, Stringham HM, Gamazon ER, Lee J, Chen Y, Scott RA, Below JE, Chen P, Huang J, Go MJ, Stitzel ML, Pasko D, Parker SCJ, Varga TV, Green T, Beer NL, Day-Williams AG, Ferreira T, Fingerlin T, Horikoshi M, Hu C, Huh I, Ikram MK, Kim BJ, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kwon MS, Lee J, Lee S, Lin KH, Maxwell TJ, Nagai Y, Wang X, Welch RP, Yoon J, Zhang W, Barzilai N, Voight BF, Han BG, Jenkinson CP, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Manning A, Ng MCY, Palmer ND, Balkau B, Stančáková A, Abboud HE, Boeing H, Giedraitis V, Prabhakaran D, Gottesman O, Scott J, Carey J, Kwan P, Grant G, Smith JD, Neale BM, Purcell S, Butterworth AS, Howson JMM, Lee HM, Lu Y, Kwak SH, Zhao W, Danesh J, Lam VKL, Park KS, Saleheen D, So WY, Tam CHT, Afzal U, Aguilar D, Arya R, Aung T, Chan E, Navarro C, Cheng CY, Palli D, Correa A, Curran JE, Rybin D, Farook VS, Fowler SP, Freedman BI, Griswold M, Hale DE, Hicks PJ, Khor CC, Kumar S, Lehne B, Thuillier D, Lim WY, Liu J, van der Schouw YT, Loh M, Musani SK, Puppala S, Scott WR, Yengo L, Tan ST, Taylor HA, Thameem F, Wilson G, Wong TY, Njølstad PR, Levy JC, Mangino M, Bonnycastle LL, Schwarzmayr T, Fadista J, Surdulescu GL, Herder C, Groves CJ, Wieland T, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Christensen C, Koistinen HA, Doney ASF, Kinnunen L, Esko T, Farmer AJ, Hakaste L, Hodgkiss D, Kravic J, Lyssenko V, Hollensted M, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Ladenvall C, Justesen JM, Käräjämäki A, Kriebel J, Rathmann W, Lannfelt L, Lauritzen T, Narisu N, Linneberg A, Melander O, Milani L, Neville M, Orho-Melander M, Qi L, Qi Q, Roden M, Rolandsson O, Swift A, Rosengren AH, Stirrups K, Wood AR, Mihailov E, Blancher C, Carneiro MO, Maguire J, Poplin R, Shakir K, Fennell T, DePristo M, de Angelis MH, Deloukas P, Gjesing AP, Jun G, Nilsson P, Murphy J, Onofrio R, Thorand B, Hansen T, Meisinger C, Hu FB, Isomaa B, Karpe F, Liang L, Peters A, Huth C, O'Rahilly SP, Palmer CNA, Pedersen O, Rauramaa R, Tuomilehto J, Salomaa V, Watanabe RM, Syvänen AC, Bergman RN, Bharadwaj D, Bottinger EP, Cho YS, Chandak GR, Chan JCN, Chia KS, Daly MJ, Ebrahim SB, Langenberg C, Elliott P, Jablonski KA, Lehman DM, Jia W, Ma RCW, Pollin TI, Sandhu M, Tandon N, Froguel P, Barroso I, Teo YY, Zeggini E, Loos RJF, Small KS, Ried JS, DeFronzo RA, Grallert H, Glaser B, Metspalu A, Wareham NJ, Walker M, Banks E, Gieger C, Ingelsson E, Im HK, Illig T, Franks PW, Buck G, Trakalo J, Buck D, Prokopenko I, Mägi R, Lind L, Farjoun Y, Owen KR, Gloyn AL, Strauch K, Tuomi T, Kooner JS, Lee JY, Park T, Donnelly P, Morris AD, Hattersley AT, Bowden DW, Collins FS, Atzmon G, Chambers JC, Spector TD, Laakso M, Strom TM, Bell GI, Blangero J, Duggirala R, Tai ES, McVean G, Hanis CL, Wilson JG, Seielstad M, Frayling TM, Meigs JB, Cox NJ, Sladek R, Lander ES, Gabriel S, Burtt NP, Mohlke KL, Meitinger T, Groop L, Abecasis G, Florez JC, Scott LJ, Morris AP, Kang HM, Boehnke M, Altshuler D, McCarthy MI

Abstract

The genetic architecture of common traits, including the number, frequency, and effect sizes of inherited variants that contribute to individual risk, has been long debated. Genome-wide association studies have identified scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes, but in aggregate, these explain only a fraction of the heritability of this disease. Here, to test the hypothesis that lower-frequency variants explain much of the remainder, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia performed whole-genome sequencing in 2,657 European individuals with and without diabetes, and exome sequencing in 12,940 individuals from five ancestry groups. To increase statistical power, we expanded the sample size via genotyping and imputation in a further 111,548 subjects. Variants associated with type 2 diabetes after sequencing were overwhelmingly common and most fell within regions previously identified by genome-wide association studies. Comprehensive enumeration of sequence variation is necessary to identify functional alleles that provide important clues to disease pathophysiology, but large-scale sequencing does not support the idea that lower-frequency variants have a major role in predisposition to type 2 diabetes.

MeSH Terms
Alleles DNA Mutational Analysis Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics Europe/ethnology Exome Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics Genetic Variation/genetics Genome-Wide Association Study Genotyping Techniques Humans Sample Size
Authors & Affiliations
301 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Fuchsberger Christian
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. | Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. | Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC), affiliated with the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
Flannick Jason
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Teslovich Tanya M
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Mahajan Anubha
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Agarwala Vineeta
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. | Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Gaulton Kyle J
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Ma Clement
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Fontanillas Pierre
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Moutsianas Loukas
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
McCarthy Davis J
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rivas Manuel A
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Perry John R B
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. | MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. | Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Sim Xueling
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Blackwell Thomas W
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Robertson Neil R
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Rayner N William
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Cingolani Pablo
School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. | McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Locke Adam E
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Tajes Juan Fernandez
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Highland Heather M
Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Dupuis Josee
Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.
Chines Peter S
Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Lindgren Cecilia M
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. | Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hartl Christopher
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Jackson Anne U
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Chen Han
Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Huyghe Jeroen R
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
van de Bunt Martijn
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Pearson Richard D
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Kumar Ashish
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Müller-Nurasyid Martina
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. | Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. | DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
Grarup Niels
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Stringham Heather M
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Gamazon Eric R
Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Lee Jaehoon
Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Chen Yuhui
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Scott Robert A
MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Below Jennifer E
Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Chen Peng
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
Huang Jinyan
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Go Min Jin
Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Stitzel Michael L
The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Pasko Dorota
Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Parker Stephen C J
Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Varga Tibor V
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Green Todd
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Beer Nicola L
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Day-Williams Aaron G
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Ferreira Teresa
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Fingerlin Tasha
Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Horikoshi Momoko
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hu Cheng
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Huh Iksoo
Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ikram Mohammad Kamran
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. | Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | The Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
Kim Bong-Jo
Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Kim Yongkang
Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Kim Young Jin
Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Kwon Min-Seok
Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Lee Juyoung
Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Lee Selyeong
Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Lin Keng-Han
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Maxwell Taylor J
Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Nagai Yoshihiko
McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. | Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. | Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Wang Xu
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
Welch Ryan P
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Yoon Joon
Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Zhang Weihua
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK. | Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK.
Barzilai Nir
Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
Voight Benjamin F
Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. | Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Han Bok-Ghee
Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Jenkinson Christopher P
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA. | Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Kuulasmaa Teemu
Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Kuusisto Johanna
Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. | Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Manning Alisa
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Ng Maggie C Y
Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. | Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Palmer Nicholette D
Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. | Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. | Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Balkau Beverley
Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018, Villejuif, France.
Stančáková Alena
Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Abboud Hanna E
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Boeing Heiner
German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Giedraitis Vilmantas
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Prabhakaran Dorairaj
Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
Gottesman Omri
The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Scott James
National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Carey Jason
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Kwan Phoenix
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Grant George
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Smith Joshua D
Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Neale Benjamin M
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. | Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Purcell Shaun
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. | Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Psychiatry, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Butterworth Adam S
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Howson Joanna M M
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Lee Heung Man
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Lu Yingchang
The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Kwak Soo-Heon
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Zhao Wei
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Danesh John
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK. | Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. | NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Lam Vincent K L
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Park Kyong Soo
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. | Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Saleheen Danish
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. | Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan.
So Wing Yee
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Tam Claudia H T
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Afzal Uzma
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Aguilar David
Cardiovascular Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Arya Rector
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Aung Tin
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. | Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | The Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
Chan Edmund
Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
Navarro Carmen
Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain. | CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain. | Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Spain.
Cheng Ching-Yu
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. | Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | The Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
Palli Domenico
Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy.
Correa Adolfo
Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Curran Joanne E
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA.
Rybin Denis
Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Farook Vidya S
Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Fowler Sharon P
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Freedman Barry I
Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Griswold Michael
Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Hale Daniel Esten
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Hicks Pamela J
Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. | Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. | Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Khor Chiea-Chuen
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. | Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore.
Kumar Satish
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA.
Lehne Benjamin
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Thuillier Dorothée
CNRS-UMR8199, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.
Lim Wei Yen
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
Liu Jianjun
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore.
van der Schouw Yvonne T
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Loh Marie
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK. | Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. | Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.
Musani Solomon K
Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Puppala Sobha
Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Scott William R
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Yengo Loïc
CNRS-UMR8199, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.
Tan Sian-Tsung
Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK. | National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Taylor Herman A
Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Thameem Farook
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Wilson Gregory
College of Public Services, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Wong Tien Yin
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore. | Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | The Eye Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
Njølstad Pål Rasmus
KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. | Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Levy Jonathan C
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Mangino Massimo
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Bonnycastle Lori L
Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Schwarzmayr Thomas
Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Fadista João
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Surdulescu Gabriela L
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Herder Christian
Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. | German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
Groves Christopher J
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Wieland Thomas
Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Bork-Jensen Jette
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Brandslund Ivan
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. | Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
Christensen Cramer
Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
Koistinen Heikki A
Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. | Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. | Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland. | Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Doney Alex S F
Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Kinnunen Leena
Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Esko Tõnu
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. | Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. | Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Farmer Andrew J
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hakaste Liisa
Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. | Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland. | Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Hodgkiss Dylan
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Kravic Jasmina
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Lyssenko Valeriya
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Hollensted Mette
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jørgensen Marit E
Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
Jørgensen Torben
Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark. | Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. | Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Ladenvall Claes
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Justesen Johanne Marie
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Käräjämäki Annemari
Department of Primary Health Care, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland. | Diabetes Center, Vaasa Health Care Center, Vaasa, Finland.
Kriebel Jennifer
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Rathmann Wolfgang
Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Lannfelt Lars
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Lauritzen Torsten
Department of Public Health, Section of General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Narisu Narisu
Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Linneberg Allan
Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark. | Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark. | Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Melander Olle
Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Milani Lili
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Neville Matt
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK.
Orho-Melander Marju
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Qi Lu
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Qi Qibin
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
Roden Michael
Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. | German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. | Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Rolandsson Olov
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Swift Amy
Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Rosengren Anders H
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Stirrups Kathleen
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Wood Andrew R
Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Mihailov Evelin
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Blancher Christine
High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Carneiro Mauricio O
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Maguire Jared
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Poplin Ryan
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Shakir Khalid
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Fennell Timothy
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
DePristo Mark
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
de Angelis Martin Hrabé
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Deloukas Panos
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. | Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Gjesing Anette P
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jun Goo
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. | Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Nilsson Peter
Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Murphy Jacquelyn
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Onofrio Robert
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Thorand Barbara
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Hansen Torben
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. | Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Meisinger Christa
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Hu Frank B
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Isomaa Bo
Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland. | Department of Social Services and Health Care, Jakobstad, Finland.
Karpe Fredrik
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK.
Liang Liming
Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Peters Annette
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany. | German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Huth Cornelia
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
O'Rahilly Stephen P
Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Palmer Colin N A
Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Pedersen Oluf
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rauramaa Rainer
Foundation for Research in Health, Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
Tuomilehto Jaakko
Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. | Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria. | Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. | Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital LaPaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. | National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Salomaa Veikko
National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Watanabe Richard M
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. | Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. | Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Syvänen Ann-Christine
Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Bergman Richard N
Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Bharadwaj Dwaipayan
Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India.
Bottinger Erwin P
The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Cho Yoon Shin
Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
Chandak Giriraj R
CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Chan Juliana C N
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. | Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. | Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Chia Kee Seng
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
Daly Mark J
Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ebrahim Shah B
Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
Langenberg Claudia
MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Elliott Paul
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK. | MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Jablonski Kathleen A
The Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Lehman Donna M
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Jia Weiping
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Ma Ronald C W
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. | Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. | Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Pollin Toni I
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Sandhu Manjinder
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK. | Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Tandon Nikhil
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Froguel Philippe
CNRS-UMR8199, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France. | Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Barroso Inês
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK. | Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Teo Yik Ying
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore. | Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Zeggini Eleftheria
Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Loos Ruth J F
The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Small Kerrin S
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Ried Janina S
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
DeFronzo Ralph A
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Grallert Harald
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Glaser Benjamin
Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Metspalu Andres
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Wareham Nicholas J
MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Walker Mark
The Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Banks Eric
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Gieger Christian
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Ingelsson Erik
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Im Hae Kyung
Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Illig Thomas
Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany. | Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
Franks Paul W
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. | Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Buck Gemma
High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Trakalo Joseph
High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Buck David
High Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Prokopenko Inga
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Mägi Reedik
Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Lind Lars
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Farjoun Yossi
Data Sciences and Data Engineering, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Owen Katharine R
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK.
Gloyn Anna L
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK.
Strauch Konstantin
Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
Tuomi Tiinamaija
Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. | Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland. | Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. | Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Kooner Jaspal Singh
Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK. | National Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK. | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lee Jong-Young
Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Park Taesung
Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. | Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Donnelly Peter
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Morris Andrew D
Clinical Research Centre, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK. | The Usher Institute to the Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Hattersley Andrew T
University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Bowden Donald W
Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. | Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. | Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Collins Francis S
Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Atzmon Gil
Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA. | Department of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Chambers John C
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK. | Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK. | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Spector Timothy D
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Laakso Markku
Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. | Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Strom Tim M
Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Bell Graeme I
Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Blangero John
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA.
Duggirala Ravindranath
Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Tai E Shyong
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore. | Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore.
McVean Gilean
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hanis Craig L
Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Wilson James G
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Seielstad Mark
Department of Laboratory Medicine & Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. | Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA.
Frayling Timothy M
Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Meigs James B
General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Cox Nancy J
Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Sladek Rob
McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. | Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. | Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Lander Eric S
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Gabriel Stacey
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Burtt Noël P
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Mohlke Karen L
Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Meitinger Thomas
Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. | Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Groop Leif
Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden. | Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Abecasis Goncalo
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Florez Jose C
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. | Center for Human Genetic Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Scott Laura J
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Morris Andrew P
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. | Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Kang Hyun Min
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Boehnke Michael
Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Altshuler David
Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. | Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
McCarthy Mark I
Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. | Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK.
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Article Info
Journal
Nature
Abbr.
Nature
ISSN
1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/nature18642
Published
2016-00-04
Epub
2016-00-11
Pages
41-47
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0410462
PMCID
PMC5034897
Subset
IM
Grants
NIA NIH HHS · P01AG027734 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK072193 · United States
NHGRI NIH HHS · R01 HG000376 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 084723 · United Kingdom
NIMH NIH HHS · R01MH101820 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG046949 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK093757 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01 DK085501 · United States
NHGRI NIH HHS · U01 HG005773 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 083948 · United Kingdom
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG042188 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · K12CA139160 · United States
Medical Research Council · G0601966 · United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust · 098381 · United Kingdom
NIDDK NIH HHS · K24 DK110550 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · P60DK20595 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01DK085501 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK093757 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R00 DK099240 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · 1RC2DK088389 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R00 DK092251 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 098017 · United Kingdom
NIMHD NIH HHS · U54 MD007588 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG046949 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 090367 · United Kingdom
Medical Research Council · MR/K002414/1 · United Kingdom
NHGRI NIH HHS · U54 HG003067 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01 DK085524 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · K24DK080140 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK085524 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01DK066358 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01 DK085545 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 095552 · United Kingdom
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK106236 · United States
British Heart Foundation · SP/04/002 · United Kingdom
NIBIB NIH HHS · R01 EB015611 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK098032 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01DK085526 · United States
NHGRI NIH HHS · U54HG003067 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 092447 · United Kingdom
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NHGRI NIH HHS · T32 HG000040 · United States
Medical Research Council · MC_UU_12012/5 · United Kingdom
NIGMS NIH HHS · T32 GM007753 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01MH090937 · United States
Medical Research Council · MR/L01341X/1 · United Kingdom
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01DK062370 · United States
NIH HHS · S10 OD018522 · United States
NHGRI NIH HHS · R56 HG000376 · United States
Medical Research Council · MC_UU_12015/1 · United Kingdom
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK101478 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · R01 HL102830 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK072193 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK073541 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · P30AG038072 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK066358 · United States
CIHR · Canada
NHLBI NIH HHS · HHSN268201300049C · United States
Wellcome Trust · 095101 · United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust · 100956 · United Kingdom
NIDDK NIH HHS · RC2 DK088389 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · P30DK020595 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · K24 DK080140 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01DK098032 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · HHSN268201300047C · United States
Wellcome Trust · 086596 · United Kingdom
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01 DK085526 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · RC2DK088389 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R00DK092251 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · HHSN268201300050C · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01 DK085584 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK085584 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK085545 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · P01 AG027734 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01 DK078616 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK088389 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK085526 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK098032 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · U01 DK062370 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · P30 AG038072 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 090532 · United Kingdom
NIA NIH HHS · 1R01AG042188 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK085501 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 064890 · United Kingdom
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH101820 · United States
Medical Research Council · G0900747-­‐91070 · United Kingdom
NHGRI NIH HHS · U01HG005773 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · P30 DK020572 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · T32GM007753 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 085475 · United Kingdom
British Heart Foundation · RG/14/5/30893 · United Kingdom
NHLBI NIH HHS · HHSN268201300046C · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01DK073541 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH090937 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · T32 HL007055 · United States
Wellcome Trust · 098051 · United Kingdom
NIDDK NIH HHS · RC2-­‐DK088389 · United States
Medical Research Council · G0601261 · United Kingdom
British Heart Foundation · SP/09/002 · United Kingdom
NHLBI NIH HHS · R01HL102830 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · P30 DK020595 · United States
Medical Research Council · G0800270 · United Kingdom
NIDDK NIH HHS · P60 DK020595 · United States
Medical Research Council · G0700931 · United Kingdom
Corrections
CommentIn
PMID: 27398618
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/nature18642 PMC Full Text View journal details
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