Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 3037321 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article

Ingi, a 5.2-kb dispersed sequence element from Trypanosoma brucei that carries half of a smaller mobile element at either end and has homology with mammalian LINEs.

Molecular and cellular biology ·Vol. 7 ·No. 4 ·1987-04-00 ·Pages 1465-75

Kimmel BE, ole-MoiYoi OK, Young JR

Abstract

A dispersed repetitive element named ingi, which is present in the genome of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, is described. One complete 5.2-kilobase element and the ends of two others were sequenced. There were no direct or inverted terminal repeats. Rather, the ends consisted of two halves of a previously described 512-base-pair transposable element (G. Hasan, M.J. Turner, and J.S. Cordingley, Cell 37:333-341, 1984). Oligo(dA) tails and possible insertion site duplications suggested that ingi is a retroposon. The sequenced element appears to be a pseudogene copy of an original retroposon with one or more open reading frames occupying most of its length. Significant homologies of the encoded amino acid sequences with reverse transcriptases and mammalian long interpersed nuclear element sequences suggest a remote evolutionary origin for this kind of retroposon.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cloning, Molecular DNA Restriction Enzymes DNA Transposable Elements Genes Humans Mice Microscopy, Electron Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/genetics Nucleic Acid Hybridization Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Species Specificity Trypanosoma brucei brucei/genetics
Chemicals
DNA Transposable Elements Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes DNA Restriction Enzymes
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Kimmel B E
ole-MoiYoi O K
Young J R
References (50)
50 references, click to expand
  1. Retrovirus-like particles containing RNA homologous to the transposable element copia in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Nature. 1983 Mar 10;302(5904):119-24 PMID: 6186922
  2. The sequence of a large L1Md element reveals a tandemly repeated 5' end and several features found in retrotransposons.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jan;6(1):168-82 PMID: 3023821
  3. Relationship between multiple copies of a T. brucei variable surface glycoprotein gene whose expression is not controlled by duplication.
    Cell. 1983 Apr;32(4):1149-59 PMID: 6301682
  4. Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3618-22 PMID: 6304725
  5. Characterization of satellite DNA in Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi.
    J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 15;167(1):1-21 PMID: 6345792
  6. The transposition unit of variant surface glycoprotein gene 118 of Trypanosoma brucei. Presence of repeated elements at its border and absence of promoter-associated sequences.
    J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 15;167(1):57-75 PMID: 6306255
  7. Structures of P transposable elements and their sites of insertion and excision in the Drosophila melanogaster genome.
    Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):25-35 PMID: 6309410
  8. A family of oligo-adenylate-terminated transposable sequences in Drosophila melanogaster.
    J Mol Biol. 1983 Aug 25;168(4):715-27 PMID: 6310126
  9. Tandem repetition of the 5' mini-exon of variant surface glycoprotein genes: a multiple promoter for VSG gene transcription?
    Cell. 1983 Oct;34(3):891-900 PMID: 6313212
  10. Sequences homologous to the variant antigen mRNA spliced leader are located in tandem repeats and variable orphons in trypanosoma brucei.
    Cell. 1983 Oct;34(3):901-9 PMID: 6313213
  11. Sequence homology between retroviral reverse transcriptase and putative polymerases of hepatitis B virus and cauliflower mosaic virus.
    Nature. 1983 Oct 27-Nov 2;305(5937):827-9 PMID: 6195530
  12. Some KpnI family members are associated with the Alu family in the human genome.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Oct 11;11(19):6837-46 PMID: 6314260
  13. Structure of the growing telomeres of Trypanosomes.
    Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):459-68 PMID: 6319026
  14. The 5'-limit of transposition and upstream barren region of a trypanosome VSG gene: tandem 76 base-pair repeats flanking (TAA)90.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Mar 26;12(6):2759-74 PMID: 6324125
  15. Complete nucleotide sequence of an unusual mobile element from trypanosoma brucei.
    Cell. 1984 May;37(1):333-41 PMID: 6327058
  16. Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei analyzed by electrophoretic separation of chromosome-sized DNA molecules.
    Cell. 1984 May;37(1):77-84 PMID: 6202420
  17. Characterization of the 1.35 kilobase DNA repeat unit containing the conserved 35 nucleotides at the 5'-termini of variable surface glycoprotein mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jun 25;12(12):4907-20 PMID: 6330689
  18. The use of heparin as a simple cost-effective means of controlling background in nucleic acid hybridization procedures.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 25;12(14):5627-38 PMID: 6087294
  19. Separation of chromosomal DNA molecules from yeast by orthogonal-field-alternation gel electrophoresis.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 25;12(14):5647-64 PMID: 6379602
  20. The DNA sequence and genetic organization of a Neurospora mitochondrial plasmid suggest a relationship to introns and mobile elements.
    Cell. 1984 Sep;38(2):441-53 PMID: 6088081
  21. Isolation of salivarian trypanosomes from man and other mammals using DEAE-cellulose.
    Exp Parasitol. 1970 Dec;28(3):521-34 PMID: 4993889
  22. A novel DNA polymerase activity found in association with intracisternal A-type particles.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1531-6 PMID: 4504367
  23. Pedigrees of the Edinburgh Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) antigenic types (ETat).
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1975;69(2):205-8 PMID: 1166492
  24. Antigenic variation in trypanosomes.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1977 Nov;26(6 Pt 2):240-4 PMID: 74212
  25. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 PMID: 271968
  26. Selfish genes, the phenotype paradigm and genome evolution.
    Nature. 1980 Apr 17;284(5757):601-3 PMID: 6245369
  27. Selfish DNA: the ultimate parasite.
    Nature. 1980 Apr 17;284(5757):604-7 PMID: 7366731
  28. Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. Structure and nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for subunit 1 of yeast cytochrme oxidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11927-41 PMID: 6254986
  29. Analysis of antigenic types appearing in first relapse populations of clones of Trypanosoma brucei.
    Parasitology. 1981 Feb;82(1):63-80 PMID: 6163126
  30. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukaemia virus.
    Nature. 1981 Oct 15-21;293(5833):543-8 PMID: 6169994
  31. SINEs and LINEs: highly repeated short and long interspersed sequences in mammalian genomes.
    Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):433-4 PMID: 6280868
  32. Characterization of the expression-linked gene copies of variant surface glycoprotein 118 in two independently isolated clones of Trypanosoma brucei.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Apr 10;10(7):2353-66 PMID: 6283477
  33. Serological cross-reactions among trypanosome variable antigen isotypes of the subgenus Trypanozoon.
    Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1982 Mar;62(1):25-39 PMID: 6179482
  34. On the DNA content and ploidy of trypanosomes.
    Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1982 Jul;6(1):13-23 PMID: 7110199
  35. Trypanosoma brucei variable surface antigen is released by degenerating parasites but not by actively dividing parasites.
    Parasite Immunol. 1982 Jul;4(4):233-44 PMID: 7122116
  36. An analysis of cosmid clones of nuclear DNA from Trypanosoma brucei shows that the genes for variant surface glycoproteins are clustered in the genome.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Oct 11;10(19):5905-23 PMID: 6292859
  37. Chromosome rearrangements in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Cell. 1984 Nov;39(1):213-21 PMID: 6488319
  38. The contribution of chromosomal translocations to antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1984 Nov 13;307(1131):13-26 PMID: 6151678
  39. Rapid and sensitive protein similarity searches.
    Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1435-41 PMID: 2983426
  40. Nucleotide sequence of a yeast Ty element: evidence for an unusual mechanism of gene expression.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):2829-33 PMID: 2581255
  41. Close structural resemblance between putative polymerase of a Drosophila transposable genetic element 17.6 and pol gene product of Moloney murine leukaemia virus.
    EMBO J. 1985 May;4(5):1267-72 PMID: 2408886
  42. The origin and evolution of retroposons.
    Int Rev Cytol. 1985;93:187-279 PMID: 2409043
  43. Transposable elements in eukaryotes.
    Int Rev Cytol. 1985;93:281-326 PMID: 2989205
  44. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Drosophila transposable element copia: homology between copia and retroviral proteins.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jul;5(7):1630-8 PMID: 2410772
  45. Mitochondrial class II introns encode proteins related to the reverse transcriptases of retroviruses.
    Nature. 1985 Aug 15-21;316(6029):641-3 PMID: 2412125
  46. The mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The cytochrome b gene has an intron closely related to the first two introns in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cox1 gene.
    J Mol Biol. 1985 Aug 5;184(3):353-66 PMID: 4046021
  47. Reverse transcriptase activity and Ty RNA are associated with virus-like particles in yeast.
    Nature. 1985 Dec 12-18;318(6046):583-6 PMID: 2415827
  48. L1 family of repetitive DNA sequences in primates may be derived from a sequence encoding a reverse transcriptase-related protein.
    Nature. 1986 Jun 5-11;321(6070):625-8 PMID: 2423883
  49. Rapid change of the repertoire of variant surface glycoprotein genes in trypanosomes by gene duplication and deletion.
    J Mol Biol. 1986 Jul 5;190(1):1-10 PMID: 3783693
  50. Nucleotide sequence of Rous sarcoma virus.
    Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):853-69 PMID: 6299578
Article Info
Journal
Molecular and cellular biology
Abbr.
Mol Cell Biol
ISSN
0270-7306
DOI
10.1128/mcb.7.4.1465-1475.1987
Published
1987-04-00
Pages
1465-75
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8109087
PMCID
PMC365235
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
M16026, M16027, M16028, M16067, M16068, M21448
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mcb.7.4.1465-1475.1987 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2