Specific dimerization of the light chains of human immunoglobulin.

1. The light chains of human immunoglobulin were allowed to dimerize in vitro on removal of the dispersing agents acetic acid or urea. 2. On electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel at pH8.8 the dimers yielded up to nine regularly spaced bands. This approximates to the number of electrophoretic components known to occur among the monomers. 3. Single electrophoretic components of the dimers were isolated from the gel, dissociated into monomers, and subjected as such to electrophoresis in urea-containing gels. Each gave two adjacent bands. 4. Similarly, after all the light chains as monomers had been subjected to electrophoresis in urea-containing gels, single electrophoretic components were isolated and allowed to dimerize. When examined now as dimers in the absence of urea, each component gave two adjacent bands. 5. These findings are explicable on the following basis. (a) The dimerization of the light chains is specific, at least inasmuch as it occurs between monomers of the same electrophoretic mobilities. (b) With the buffer constant, different light chains undergo different changes in net charge on being transferred from urea-containing to urea-free solution; in this way two different chains of the same initial charge can acquire a charge difference of 1. 6. Experiments with Bence-Jones proteins and other homogeneous light chains gave results substantiating the conclusions (a) and (b).