Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 6589154 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Mutations and selection in the generation of class II histocompatibility antigen polymorphism.

The EMBO journal ·Vol. 3 ·No. 7 ·1984-07-00 ·Pages 1655-61

Gustafsson K, Wiman K, Emmoth E, Larhammar D, Böhme J, Hyldig-Nielsen JJ, Ronne H, Peterson PA, Rask L

Abstract

A comparison of seven human DR and DC class II histocompatibility antigen beta-chain amino acid sequences indicates that the allelic variation is of comparable magnitude within the DR and DC beta-chain genes. Silent and replacement nucleotide substitutions in six DR and DC beta-chain sequences, as well as in seven murine class II sequences (three I-A beta and four I-A alpha alleles) were analyzed. The results suggest that the mutation rates are of a comparable magnitude in the nucleotide sequences encoding the first and second external domains of the class II molecules. Nevertheless, the allelic amino acid replacements are predominantly located in the first domains. We conclude that a conservative selective pressure acts on the second domains, whereas in many positions in the first domains replacement substitutions are selectively neutral or maybe even favoured. Thus, the difference between the first and second domains as regards the number of amino acid replacements is mainly due to selection.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Genes HLA-DQ Antigens HLA-DR Antigens Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics Humans Mutation Polymorphism, Genetic Selection, Genetic
Chemicals
HLA-DQ Antigens HLA-DR Antigens Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
Authors & Affiliations
9 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Gustafsson K
Wiman K
Emmoth E
Larhammar D
Böhme J
Hyldig-Nielsen J J
Ronne H
Peterson P A
Rask L
References (48)
48 references, click to expand
  1. Polymorphism and complexity of the human DC and murine I-A alpha chain genes.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(1):121-4 PMID: 11894898
  2. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse.
    Annu Rev Immunol. 1983;1:529-68 PMID: 6152713
  3. The DNA sequence of the H-2kb gene: evidence for gene conversion as a mechanism for the generation of polymorphism in histocompatibilty antigens.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(3):453-62 PMID: 11894963
  4. Function of macrophages in antigen recognition by guinea pig T lymphocytes. II. Role of the macrophage in the regulation of genetic control of the immune response.
    J Exp Med. 1973 Nov 1;138(5):1213-29 PMID: 4126770
  5. A complete immunoglobulin gene is created by somatic recombination.
    Cell. 1978 Sep;15(1):1-14 PMID: 100225
  6. Immunological dissection of human Ia molecules.
    J Exp Med. 1978 Dec 1;148(6):1592-611 PMID: 82605
  7. Structural studies on the murine Ia alloantigens. IV. NH2-terminal sequence analysis of allelic products of the I-A and I-E/C subregions.
    J Immunol. 1979 Jun;122(6):2232-7 PMID: 448125
  8. MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells: studies on the biological role of polymorphic major transplantation antigens determining T-cell restriction-specificity, function, and responsiveness.
    Adv Immunol. 1979;27:51-177 PMID: 92183
  9. Filter replicas and permanent collections of recombinant DNA plasmids.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Dec 20;7(8):2115-36 PMID: 118435
  10. Analysis of HLA-D region-associated molecules with monoclonal antibody.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6567-71 PMID: 392522
  11. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages.
    Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499-560 PMID: 6246368
  12. The evolution of genes: the chicken preproinsulin gene.
    Cell. 1980 Jun;20(2):555-66 PMID: 7388949
  13. 3'-end labeling of DNA with [alpha-32P]cordycepin-5'-triphosphate.
    Gene. 1980 Jul;10(2):177-83 PMID: 6248422
  14. Evidence for a new segregant series of B cell antigens that are encoded in the HLA-D region and that stimulate secondary allogenic proliferative and cytotoxic responses.
    J Exp Med. 1980 Sep 1;152(3):565-80 PMID: 6967946
  15. The structure and evolution of the human beta-globin gene family.
    Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):653-68 PMID: 6985477
  16. Nucleotide sequence divergence and functional constraint in mRNA evolution.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7328-32 PMID: 6938980
  17. Role of MHC gene products in immune regulation.
    Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1229-38 PMID: 6165083
  18. Gene conversion: some implications for immunoglobulin genes.
    Cell. 1981 Jun;24(3):592-4 PMID: 7018693
  19. Heavy chain variable region contribution to the NPb family of antibodies: somatic mutation evident in a gamma 2a variable region.
    Cell. 1981 Jun;24(3):625-37 PMID: 6788376
  20. A single VH gene segment encodes the immune response to phosphorylcholine: somatic mutation is correlated with the class of the antibody.
    Cell. 1981 Jul;25(1):59-66 PMID: 6791833
  21. [Primary structure of class II human histocompatibility antigens. 1st communication. Amino acid sequence of the N-terminal 198 residues of the beta chain of a HLA-Dw2,2;DR2,2-alloantigen (author's transl)].
    Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1981 Dec;362(12):1665-9 PMID: 6947956
  22. Structure and expression of a mouse major histocompatibility antigen gene, H-2Ld.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):1994-8 PMID: 6952248
  23. Complete amino acid sequence of an HLA-DR antigen-like beta chain as predicted from the nucleotide sequence: similarities with immunoglobulins and HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(12):3687-91 PMID: 6954511
  24. [Primary structure of class II human histocompatibility antigens. 2nd Communication. Amino acid sequence of the N-terminal 179 residues of the alpha-chain of an HLA-Dw2/DR2 alloantigen (author's transl)].
    Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1982 Jun;363(6):671-6 PMID: 6955253
  25. Primary structure of the H-2Db alloantigen. II. Additional amino acid sequence information, localization of a third site of glycosylation and evidence for K and D region specific sequences.
    Immunogenetics. 1982;16(1):11-22 PMID: 7118212
  26. Sequence of an HLA-DR alpha-chain cDNA clone and intron-exon organization of the corresponding gene.
    Nature. 1982 Oct 21;299(5885):750-2 PMID: 6811954
  27. Alpha chain of HLA-DR transplantation antigens is a member of the same protein superfamily as the immunoglobulins.
    Cell. 1982 Aug;30(1):153-61 PMID: 6812963
  28. HLA-D region molecules restrict proliferative T cell responses to antigen.
    Immunol Rev. 1982;66:39-56 PMID: 6182089
  29. Complete primary structures of the E beta chain and gene of the mouse major histocompatibility complex.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(18):5520-4 PMID: 6310581
  30. Exon-intron organization and complete nucleotide sequence of a human major histocompatibility antigen DC beta gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(23):7313-7 PMID: 6316358
  31. The genetic control of human Ia alloantigens: a three-loci model derived from the immunochemical analysis of 'supertypic' specificities.
    Immunol Rev. 1982;66:5-37 PMID: 6182090
  32. A molecular map of the immune response region from the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse.
    Nature. 1982 Nov 4;300(5887):35-42 PMID: 6290895
  33. cDNA clone for the heavy chain of the human B cell alloantigen DC1: strong sequence homology to the HLA-DR heavy chain.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(20):6337-41 PMID: 6815651
  34. DNA sequence of the gene encoding the E alpha Ia polypeptide of the BALB/c mouse.
    Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1229-32 PMID: 6815800
  35. Spontaneous H-2 mutants provide evidence that a copy mechanism analogous to gene conversion generates polymorphism in the major histocompatibility complex.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(1):242-6 PMID: 6571997
  36. The structure of a mutant H-2 gene suggests that the generation of polymorphism in H-2 genes may occur by gene conversion-like events.
    Nature. 1983 Feb 24;301(5902):671-4 PMID: 6828150
  37. The murine E alpha immune response gene.
    Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):745-54 PMID: 6403249
  38. The murine Ia alpha chains, E alpha and A alpha, show a surprising degree of sequence homology.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):534-8 PMID: 6300851
  39. Sequences related to HLA-DR alpha chain on human chromosome 6: restriction enzyme polymorphism detected with DC alpha chain probes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(7):1972-6 PMID: 6300884
  40. Murine I-A beta chain polymorphism: nucleotide sequences of three allelic I-A beta genes.
    Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):283-6 PMID: 6407114
  41. A minimum of four human class II alpha-chain genes are encoded in the HLA region of chromosome 6.
    Nature. 1983 Jul 14-20;304(5922):174-7 PMID: 6306475
  42. The complete nucleotide sequence of the I-E alpha d immune response gene.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Aug 11;11(15):5055-71 PMID: 6308570
  43. Nucleotide sequence of a light chain gene of the mouse I-A subregion: A beta d.
    Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):750-4 PMID: 6410508
  44. Regions of allelic hypervariability in the murine A alpha immune response gene.
    Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):169-77 PMID: 6309407
  45. Structure of the murine immune response I-A beta locus: sequence of the I-A beta gene and an adjacent beta-chain second domain exon.
    Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):179-88 PMID: 6411350
  46. The amino acid sequence and gene organization of the heavy chain of the HLA-DR antigen: homology to immunoglobulins.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):6013-7 PMID: 6821129
  47. Both alpha and beta chains of HLA-DC class II histocompatibility antigens display extensive polymorphism in their amino-terminal domains.
    EMBO J. 1984 Feb;3(2):447-52 PMID: 6585297
  48. Complete sequence of an HLA-dR beta chain deduced from a cDNA clone and identification of multiple non-allelic DR beta chain genes.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(3):389-94 PMID: 11894954
Article Info
Journal
The EMBO journal
Abbr.
EMBO J
ISSN
0261-4189
Published
1984-07-00
Pages
1655-61
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
8208664
PMCID
PMC557574
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
X00699, X00700
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2