Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8281614 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Growth factors and their receptors as determinants in the proliferation and metastasis of human prostate cancer.

Cancer metastasis reviews ·Vol. 12 ·No. 3-4 ·1993-09-00 ·Pages 287-301

Ware JL

Abstract

Prostate adenocarcinoma, the most common tumor occurring among North American men, preferentially metastasizes to bone, where it characteristically forms osteoblastic lesions. The following growth regulatory factors are expressed in some human prostate cancers and/or established cell lines: epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin-like growth factor. Some of these, especially EGF, bFGF, and TGF-beta, are also implicated in growth regulation in normal and benign hyperplastic prostates. Although evidence from in vitro study of the small number of prostate cell lines available demonstrates that these growth regulatory pathways are exploited by some of these cells, direct in vivo evidence is limited. The development of human prostate cancer cell lines which grow and metastasize in immune-deficient rodents is an advance which now permits experimental analysis of the role of these growth factors in prostatic metastasis, particularly to bone. The progression and metastasis of human prostate cancer results from the complex interactions of multiple growth factors, androgens, and cellular communication, which form a dynamic network. Continued progress in the study and treatment of this disease will require new conceptual frameworks as well as successful application of the techniques of molecular and cellular biology.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cell Division/physiology Growth Substances/physiology Humans Male Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology Rats Receptors, Growth Factor/physiology
Chemicals
Growth Substances Receptors, Growth Factor
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ware J L
Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298.
References (91)
91 references, click to expand
  1. Epidermal growth factor and prostatic carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study.
    J Urol. 1988 Apr;139(4):857-61 PMID: 2451041
  2. Expression of nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptor genes in human tissues and in prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines.
    J Neurochem. 1992 Oct;59(4):1381-91 PMID: 1383421
  3. Fibroblasts are critical determinants in prostatic cancer growth and dissemination.
    Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1991 Oct;10(3):263-74 PMID: 1722435
  4. Autonomous growth of androgen-independent human prostatic carcinoma cells: role of transforming growth factor alpha.
    Cancer Res. 1991 Jun 1;51(11):2780-5 PMID: 2032218
  5. Computing with neural circuits: a model.
    Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):625-33 PMID: 3755256
  6. Comparative aspects of multistep prostatic carcinogenesis in humans and rodents.
    Prog Clin Biol Res. 1992;376:261-88 PMID: 1528922
  7. Localization of epidermal growth factor receptor by immunohistochemical methods in human prostatic carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and benign hyperplasia.
    Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1992 Mar;116(3):269-73 PMID: 1371380
  8. The int-2 gene product acts as an epithelial growth factor in transgenic mice.
    EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):907-13 PMID: 1690126
  9. Identification of a messenger ribonucleic acid fraction in human prostatic cancer cells coding for a novel osteoblast-stimulating factor.
    Endocrinology. 1985 Oct;117(4):1615-20 PMID: 3861313
  10. Development of skeletal metastasis by human prostate cancer in athymic nude mice.
    Clin Exp Metastasis. 1988 Sep-Oct;6(5):401-9 PMID: 3378377
  11. Epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA levels in human prostatic tumors and cell lines.
    J Urol. 1990 Jun;143(6):1272-4 PMID: 1692888
  12. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 overproduction in prostate cancer: effects on growth in vivo and in vitro.
    Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Jan;6(1):15-25 PMID: 1738367
  13. Identification of a cellular receptor for transforming growth factor-beta in rat ventral prostate and its negative regulation by androgens.
    Endocrinology. 1988 Oct;123(4):2124-31 PMID: 2901342
  14. Human prostatic cancer cells, PC3, elaborate mitogenic activity which selectively stimulates human bone cells.
    Cancer Res. 1990 Nov 1;50(21):6902-7 PMID: 1698544
  15. Prostatic growth factor: purification and structural relationship to basic fibroblast growth factor.
    Biochemistry. 1987 Jun 30;26(13):3843-9 PMID: 3307914
  16. Distribution of nerve growth factor-like protein and nerve growth factor receptor in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma.
    J Urol. 1992 May;147(5):1444-7 PMID: 1373782
  17. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in human hyperplastic prostate tissue: characterization, tissue localization, and their modulation by chronic treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Apr;72(4):740-6 PMID: 1848565
  18. Influence of tumour size on human prostate tumour metastasis in athymic nude mice.
    Br J Cancer. 1985 Mar;51(3):419-23 PMID: 3970818
  19. Synthesis of messenger RNAs for transforming growth factors alpha and beta and the epidermal growth factor receptor by human tumors.
    Cancer Res. 1987 Feb 1;47(3):707-12 PMID: 3467839
  20. Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer.
    Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):707-12 PMID: 2470152
  21. Hormone dependency of a serially transplantable human prostatic cancer (HONDA) in nude mice.
    Cancer Res. 1985 Oct;45(10):5058-63 PMID: 4027985
  22. The physiology of transforming growth factor-alpha.
    Adv Cancer Res. 1992;58:27-52 PMID: 1546559
  23. Increased expression of genes for basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor type beta 2 in human benign prostatic hyperplasia.
    Prostate. 1990;16(1):71-80 PMID: 1689483
  24. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma.
    Prostate. 1988;13(3):241-7 PMID: 2463616
  25. Binding of epidermal growth factor by human normal, hypertrophic, and carcinomatous prostate.
    Prostate. 1989;14(2):123-32 PMID: 2469072
  26. Prostatic osteoblastic factor.
    Invest Urol. 1979 Nov;17(3):195-8 PMID: 500315
  27. An inhibitory insulin-like growth factor binding protein (In-IGFBP) from human prostatic cell conditioned medium reveals N-terminal sequence identity with bone derived In-IGFBP.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Aug;71(2):533-5 PMID: 1696279
  28. Expression of the c-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu) oncoprotein in human prostatic carcinoma.
    J Urol. 1993 Nov;150(5 Pt 1):1427-33 PMID: 8105108
  29. Isolation and characterization of PC-3 human prostatic tumor sublines which preferentially metastasize to select organs in S.C.I.D. mice.
    Differentiation. 1991 Nov;48(2):115-25 PMID: 1773917
  30. Spontaneous metastasis of cells of the human prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3 in athymic nude mice.
    J Urol. 1982 Nov;128(5):1064-7 PMID: 7176035
  31. Identification of epidermal growth factor-like activity in human male reproductive tissues and fluids.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984 Apr;58(4):589-94 PMID: 6321531
  32. Genomic sequence of hst, a transforming gene encoding a protein homologous to fibroblast growth factors and the int-2-encoded protein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7305-9 PMID: 2959959
  33. The endocrinology and developmental biology of the prostate.
    Endocr Rev. 1987 Aug;8(3):338-62 PMID: 3308446
  34. Similarity of protein encoded by the human c-erb-B-2 gene to epidermal growth factor receptor.
    Nature. 1986 Jan 16-22;319(6050):230-4 PMID: 3003577
  35. Association of transforming growth factor-beta 1 with prostate cancer: an immunohistochemical study.
    Hum Pathol. 1993 Jan;24(1):4-9 PMID: 7678092
  36. Epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody inhibits constitutive receptor phosphorylation, reduces autonomous growth, and sensitizes androgen-independent prostatic carcinoma cells to tumor necrosis factor alpha.
    Cancer Res. 1992 Nov 1;52(21):5887-92 PMID: 1394216
  37. Growth factor involvement and oncogene expression in prostatic tumours.
    J Steroid Biochem. 1988;30(1-6):341-5 PMID: 3260310
  38. Stimulation of human prostatic carcinoma cell growth by factors present in human bone marrow.
    J Clin Invest. 1989 Jul;84(1):43-50 PMID: 2786890
  39. A modified neural network model of tumor cell interactions and subpopulation dynamics.
    Invasion Metastasis. 1993;13(1):50-6 PMID: 8407211
  40. Differential immunoreactivity of epidermal growth factor receptor in benign, dysplastic and malignant prostatic tissues.
    J Urol. 1993 Jan;149(1):170-3 PMID: 7678041
  41. Inhibition of growth of prostatic cancer cell lines by peptide analogues of insulin-like growth factor 1.
    Cancer Res. 1993 Mar 1;53(5):1102-6 PMID: 8439954
  42. Epidermal growth factor receptors in human prostate cancer: correlation with histological differentiation of the tumour.
    Br J Cancer. 1989 Jul;60(1):41-4 PMID: 2478180
  43. Isolation and characterization of transforming growth factor beta response variants from human prostatic tumor cell lines.
    Prostate. 1992;21(3):223-37 PMID: 1437857
  44. p53, c-erbB-2 and the epidermal growth factor receptor in the benign and malignant prostate.
    J Urol. 1992 Feb;147(2):496-9 PMID: 1370701
  45. Isolation of a human prostate carcinoma cell line (DU 145).
    Int J Cancer. 1978 Mar 15;21(3):274-81 PMID: 631930
  46. Establishment of a new prostatic carcinoma cell line (TSU-Pr1).
    J Urol. 1987 Jun;137(6):1304-6 PMID: 3586177
  47. In vitro studies of human prostatic epithelial cells: attempts to identify distinguishing features of malignant cells.
    Growth Factors. 1989;1(3):237-50 PMID: 2698220
  48. Human prostatic adenocarcinoma: some characteristics of a serially transplantable line in nude mice (PC 82).
    Prostate. 1980;1(1):95-104 PMID: 7279800
  49. Regulation of growth and epidermal growth factor receptor levels of LNCaP prostate tumor cells by different steroids.
    Int J Cancer. 1988 Dec 15;42(6):917-22 PMID: 3263955
  50. Programmed cell death during regression of PC-82 human prostate cancer following androgen ablation.
    Cancer Res. 1990 Jun 15;50(12):3748-53 PMID: 2340521
  51. Cyclic AMP induces transforming growth factor beta 2 gene expression and growth arrest in the human androgen-independent prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 15;89(8):3556-60 PMID: 1373503
  52. Immunohistochemical detection of c-erbB-2 protein in human benign and neoplastic prostate.
    Hum Pathol. 1991 Mar;22(3):254-8 PMID: 1672281
  53. Secretion of epidermal growth factor and related polypeptides by the DU 145 human prostate cancer cell line.
    Prostate. 1989;15(2):177-86 PMID: 2798235
  54. Mitogenic factor in human prostate extracts.
    Urology. 1980 Nov;16(5):488-91 PMID: 6969486
  55. Transformation of human neonatal prostate epithelial cells by strontium phosphate transfection with a plasmid containing SV40 early region genes.
    Cancer Res. 1989 Jun 1;49(11):3050-6 PMID: 2541897
  56. Heparin-binding growth factor/prostatropin attenuates inhibition of rat prostate tumor epithelial cell growth by transforming growth factor type beta.
    In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 1988 Mar;24(3):243-6 PMID: 3162454
  57. Acquisition of a tumorigenic phenotype by a rat ventral prostate epithelial cell line expressing a transfected activated neu oncogene.
    Cancer Res. 1992 Jun 1;52(11):3174-81 PMID: 1350510
  58. Metastatic model for human prostate cancer using orthotopic implantation in nude mice.
    J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992 Jun 17;84(12):951-7 PMID: 1378502
  59. Establishment and characterization of a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3).
    Invest Urol. 1979 Jul;17(1):16-23 PMID: 447482
  60. Growth factor regulation of gene expression in the human prostatic carcinoma cell line LNCaP.
    Cancer Res. 1993 Mar 1;53(5):1051-8 PMID: 7679946
  61. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF receptors, and IGF-binding proteins in primary cultures of prostate epithelial cells.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Aug;73(2):401-7 PMID: 1713219
  62. Natural history and staging of prostate cancer.
    Urol Clin North Am. 1984 May;11(2):205-20 PMID: 6375067
  63. Spread of prostatic cancer to bone.
    Urology. 1983 Apr;21(4):337-44 PMID: 6340324
  64. Some recent advances in the chemistry and biology of transforming growth factor-beta.
    J Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;105(3):1039-45 PMID: 3308901
  65. Patterns of metastasis by the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in athymic nude mice.
    Prostate. 1989;15(2):187-94 PMID: 2529482
  66. Expression of c-erb B-2/neu proto-oncogene in human prostatic cancer tissues and cell lines.
    Mol Carcinog. 1992;5(4):320-7 PMID: 1353965
  67. Intraductal dysplasia: a premalignant lesion of the prostate.
    Hum Pathol. 1986 Jan;17(1):64-71 PMID: 3943853
  68. Cancer statistics, 1993.
    CA Cancer J Clin. 1993 Jan-Feb;43(1):7-26 PMID: 8422609
  69. Metastatic behavior of human tumor cell lines grown in the nude mouse.
    Cancer Res. 1984 Aug;44(8):3522-9 PMID: 6744277
  70. Characteristics of prostate-derived growth factors for cells of the osteoblast phenotype.
    J Clin Invest. 1987 Oct;80(4):941-6 PMID: 2443538
  71. Fibroblast-mediated acceleration of human epithelial tumor growth in vivo.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):75-9 PMID: 2296606
  72. Effects of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) on human prostatic carcinoma.
    J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(4-6):833-9 PMID: 1958578
  73. Differential effects of transforming growth factor beta on human prostate cancer cells in vitro.
    Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1989 Mar;62(1):79-87 PMID: 2545487
  74. Metastatic phenotype of human prostate tumor cells in athymic nude mice: alteration by exposure to ethyl methanesulfonate and "reversion" by 5-azacytidine.
    Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1986;21(1):58-62 PMID: 2417701
  75. Establishment and characterization of a new human prostatic carcinoma cell line (DuPro-1).
    J Urol. 1991 Sep;146(3):915-9 PMID: 1875519
  76. Androgens and transforming growth factor beta modulate the growth response to epidermal growth factor in human prostatic tumor cells (LNCaP).
    Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1988 Nov;60(1):101-4 PMID: 3265111
  77. Prostate and bone fibroblasts induce human prostate cancer growth in vivo: implications for bidirectional tumor-stromal cell interaction in prostate carcinoma growth and metastasis.
    J Urol. 1992 Apr;147(4):1151-9 PMID: 1372662
  78. Factors influencing phenotypic diversity of human prostate carcinoma cells metastasizing in athymic nude mice.
    Exp Cell Biol. 1985;53(3):163-9 PMID: 4007233
  79. Selective osteoblast mitogens can be extracted from prostatic tissue.
    Prostate. 1986;9(2):109-15 PMID: 2428019
  80. Growth responses of normal, benign hyperplastic, and malignant human prostatic epithelial cells in vitro to cholera toxin, pituitary extract, and hydrocortisone.
    Prostate. 1986;8(1):51-61 PMID: 2418431
  81. Regulation of growth by a nerve growth factor-like protein which modulates paracrine interactions between a neoplastic epithelial cell line and stromal cells of the human prostate.
    Cancer Res. 1991 Jun 15;51(12):3304-10 PMID: 1710170
  82. LNCaP model of human prostatic carcinoma.
    Cancer Res. 1983 Apr;43(4):1809-18 PMID: 6831420
  83. Characterization of a new model of human prostatic cancer: the multicellular tumor spheroid.
    Int J Cancer. 1990 Aug 15;46(2):238-44 PMID: 2200753
  84. Production of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha by the androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line.
    Prostate. 1990;16(3):209-18 PMID: 2330326
  85. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and ERBB2 (HER-2/Neu) oncoprotein in prostatic carcinomas.
    Mod Pathol. 1992 Nov;5(6):643-8 PMID: 1369801
  86. Localization of epidermal growth factor receptors in the human prostate by biochemical and immunocytochemical methods.
    J Endocrinol. 1987 Apr;113(1):147-53 PMID: 2438365
  87. Acceleration of human prostate cancer growth in vivo by factors produced by prostate and bone fibroblasts.
    Cancer Res. 1991 Jul 15;51(14):3753-61 PMID: 1712249
  88. Identification of heregulin, a specific activator of p185erbB2.
    Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1205-10 PMID: 1350381
  89. Regulation of kinesin expression and type IV collagenase secretion in invasive human prostate PC-3 tumor sublines.
    Cancer Res. 1991 Nov 1;51(21):5866-75 PMID: 1657372
  90. Role of transforming growth factor-alpha in human prostate cancer cell growth.
    Prostate. 1989;15(1):1-12 PMID: 2798227
  91. Immortalization of human adult normal prostatic epithelial cells by liposomes containing large T-SV40 gene.
    J Urol. 1991 Sep;146(3):881-6 PMID: 1714974
Article Info
Journal
Cancer metastasis reviews
Abbr.
Cancer Metastasis Rev
ISSN
0167-7659
DOI
10.1007/BF00665959
Published
1993-09-00
Pages
287-301
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
8605731
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · NCI RO1CA50609 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · NCI RO1CA58126 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00665959 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2