Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8389476 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Accessory cholera enterotoxin (Ace), the third toxin of a Vibrio cholerae virulence cassette.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 90 ·No. 11 ·1993-06-01 ·Pages 5267-71

Trucksis M, Galen JE, Michalski J, Fasano A, Kaper JB

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae causes the potentially lethal disease cholera through the elaboration of the intestinal secretogen cholera toxin. A second toxin of V. cholerae, Zot, decreases intestinal tissue resistance by modifying intercellular tight junctions. In this report, a third toxin of V. cholerae, Ace (accessory cholera enterotoxin), is described. Ace increases short-circuit current in Ussing chambers and causes fluid secretion in ligated rabbit ileal loops. The predicted protein sequence of Ace shows striking similarity to eukaryotic ion-transporting ATPases, including the product of the cystic fibrosis gene. The gene encoding Ace is located immediately upstream of the genes encoding Zot and cholera toxin. The ctx, zot, and ace genes, which are located on a dynamic sector of the chromosome, comprise a V. cholerae "virulence cassette."

Related Genes
ace ctx zot
MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence Cholera Toxin/genetics,isolation & purification,toxicity DNA Transposable Elements Genes, Bacterial Ileum/drug effects Molecular Sequence Data Muscle, Smooth/drug effects Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Plasmids Polymerase Chain Reaction Protein Structure, Secondary Rabbits Restriction Mapping Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Vibrio cholerae/genetics,pathogenicity Virulence/genetics
Chemicals
Ace toxin DNA Transposable Elements Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Cholera Toxin
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Trucksis M
Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
Galen J E
Michalski J
Fasano A
Kaper J B
References (28)
28 references, click to expand
  1. Inhibition of water absorption in the intestine by Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin.
    Infect Immun. 1976 Jan;13(1):140-5 PMID: 1248867
  2. An experimental study of the mechanism of action of Vibriod cholerae on the intestinal mucous membrane.
    J Pathol Bacteriol. 1953 Oct;66(2):559-62 PMID: 13118463
  3. The pathogenicity of nonenterotoxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 biotype El Tor isolated from sewage water in Brazil.
    J Infect Dis. 1982 Mar;145(3):296-9 PMID: 7061878
  4. Possible conformation of delta-lysin, a membrane-damaging peptide of Staphylococcus aureus.
    J Theor Biol. 1982 Feb 7;94(3):535-40 PMID: 7078217
  5. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the A2 and B subunits of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Nov 25;258(22):13722-6 PMID: 6315707
  6. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387-95 PMID: 6546423
  7. Synthesis of cholera toxin is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by toxR.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jun;81(11):3471-5 PMID: 6374658
  8. Analysis of membrane and surface protein sequences with the hydrophobic moment plot.
    J Mol Biol. 1984 Oct 15;179(1):125-42 PMID: 6502707
  9. Effect of a recA mutation on cholera toxin gene amplification and deletion events.
    J Bacteriol. 1986 Mar;165(3):723-31 PMID: 3949714
  10. Fluid accumulation in infant mice caused by Vibrio hollisae and its extracellular enterotoxin.
    Infect Immun. 1987 Mar;55(3):626-30 PMID: 3818087
  11. Volunteer studies of deletion mutants of Vibrio cholerae O1 prepared by recombinant techniques.
    Infect Immun. 1988 Jan;56(1):161-7 PMID: 3335402
  12. Virulence-associated genetic regions comprising 31 kilobases of the 230-kilobase plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a.
    J Bacteriol. 1988 Jun;170(6):2480-4 PMID: 2836357
  13. A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR.
    J Bacteriol. 1988 Jun;170(6):2575-83 PMID: 2836362
  14. Molecular cloning of two isoforms of the plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase from rat brain. Structural and functional domains exhibit similarity to Na+,K+- and other cation transport ATPases.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 Jun 25;263(18):8646-57 PMID: 2837461
  15. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of recombinant live oral cholera vaccines, CVD 103 and CVD 103-HgR.
    Lancet. 1988 Aug 27;2(8609):467-70 PMID: 2900401
  16. Complete primary structure of a human plasma membrane Ca2+ pump.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 Oct 5;263(28):14152-9 PMID: 2844759
  17. Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA.
    Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1066-73 PMID: 2475911
  18. Functional organization and nucleotide sequence of virulence Region-2 on the large virulence plasmid in Shigella flexneri 2a.
    Mol Microbiol. 1989 Sep;3(9):1191-201 PMID: 2552264
  19. Effects of DNase production, plasmid size, and restriction barriers on transformation of Vibrio cholerae by electroporation and osmotic shock.
    FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1990 Mar 1;56(1-2):149-54 PMID: 2332153
  20. Molecular analysis of the virulence locus of the Salmonella dublin plasmid pSDL2.
    Mol Microbiol. 1991 Feb;5(2):307-16 PMID: 2041471
  21. Vibrio cholerae produces a second enterotoxin, which affects intestinal tight junctions.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5242-6 PMID: 2052603
  22. New attenuated derivatives of Vibrio cholerae.
    Res Microbiol. 1990 Sep-Oct;141(7-8):893-9 PMID: 2101479
  23. Cloning of a gene (zot) encoding a new toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae.
    Infect Immun. 1992 Feb;60(2):428-34 PMID: 1730472
  24. Purification and functional reconstitution of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).
    Cell. 1992 Feb 21;68(4):809-18 PMID: 1371239
  25. Molecular determinants of Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis.
    Infect Immun. 1992 Apr;60(4):1263-7 PMID: 1312514
  26. Safety and immunogenicity of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in 5-9-year-old Indonesian children.
    Lancet. 1992 Sep 19;340(8821):689-94 PMID: 1355798
  27. CTX genetic element encodes a site-specific recombination system and an intestinal colonization factor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3750-4 PMID: 8475125
  28. Increased cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content in guinea pig ileum after exposure to Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin.
    Infect Immun. 1976 Jan;13(1):152-62 PMID: 175015
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.90.11.5267
Published
1993-06-01
Pages
5267-71
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC46697
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI07376 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · AI19716 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
Z22569
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5267 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2