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PMID: 11452016 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Estrogen receptor interaction with estrogen response elements.

Nucleic acids research ·Vol. 29 ·No. 14 ·2001-07-15 ·Pages 2905-19

Klinge CM

Abstract

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated enhancer protein that is a member of the steroid/nuclear receptor superfamily. Two genes encode mammalian ER: ERalpha and ERbeta. ER binds to specific DNA sequences called estrogen response elements (EREs) with high affinity and transactivates gene expression in response to estradiol (E(2)). The purpose of this review is to summarize how natural and synthetic variations in the ERE sequence impact the affinity of ER-ERE binding and E(2)-induced transcriptional activity. Surprisingly, although the consensus ERE sequence was delineated in 1989, there are only seven natural EREs for which both ERalpha binding affinity and transcriptional activation have been examined. Even less information is available regarding how variations in ERE sequence impact ERbeta binding and transcriptional activity. Review of data from our own laboratory and those in the literature indicate that ERalpha binding affinity does not relate linearly with E(2)-induced transcriptional activation. We suggest that the reasons for this discord include cellular amounts of coactivators and adaptor proteins that play roles both in ER binding and transcriptional activation; phosphorylation of ER and other proteins involved in transcriptional activation; and sequence-specific and protein-induced alterations in chromatin architecture.

MeSH Terms
Animals Binding Sites Binding, Competitive DNA/drug effects,metabolism Estrogens/pharmacology Humans Phosphorylation Receptors, Estrogen/genetics,metabolism Response Elements/drug effects,genetics Transcriptional Activation
Chemicals
Estrogens Receptors, Estrogen DNA
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Klinge C M
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. [email protected]
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Article Info
Journal
Nucleic acids research
Abbr.
Nucleic Acids Res
ISSN
1362-4962
DOI
10.1093/nar/29.14.2905
Email
[email protected]
Published
2001-07-15
Pages
2905-19
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0411011
PMCID
PMC55815
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.14.2905 PMC Full Text View journal details
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