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PMID: 12172030 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Genome dynamics and evolution of the Mla (powdery mildew) resistance locus in barley.

The Plant cell ·Vol. 14 ·No. 8 ·2002-08-00 ·Pages 1903-17

Wei F, Wing RA, Wise RP

Abstract

Genes that confer defense against pathogens often are clustered in the genome and evolve via diverse mechanisms. To evaluate the organization and content of a major defense gene complex in cereals, we determined the complete sequence of a 261-kb BAC contig from barley cv Morex that spans the Mla (powdery mildew) resistance locus. Among the 32 predicted genes on this contig, 15 are associated with plant defense responses; 6 of these are associated with defense responses to powdery mildew disease but function in different signaling pathways. The Mla region is organized as three gene-rich islands separated by two nested complexes of transposable elements and a 45-kb gene-poor region. A heterochromatic-like region is positioned directly proximal to Mla and is composed of a gene-poor core with 17 families of diverse tandem repeats that overlap a hypermethylated, but transcriptionally active, gene-dense island. Paleontology analysis of long terminal repeat retrotransposons indicates that the present Mla region evolved over a period of >7 million years through a variety of duplication, inversion, and transposon-insertion events. Sequence-based recombination estimates indicate that R genes positioned adjacent to nested long terminal repeat retrotransposons, such as Mla, do not favor recombination as a means of diversification. We present a model for the evolution of the Mla region that encompasses several emerging features of large cereal genomes.

MeSH Terms
DNA Methylation DNA Transposable Elements/genetics Evolution, Molecular Fungi/growth & development Gene Expression Genome, Plant Hordeum/genetics,microbiology Immunity, Innate/genetics Minisatellite Repeats/genetics Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family/genetics Mutagenesis, Insertional Plant Diseases/genetics,microbiology Plant Proteins/genetics Retroelements/genetics Signal Transduction/genetics Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics Transcriptional Activation/genetics
Chemicals
DNA Transposable Elements MLA1 protein, Hordeum vulgare Plant Proteins Retroelements
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Wei Fusheng
Interdepartmental Genetics Program and Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020, USA.
Wing Rod A
Wise Roger P
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Article Info
Journal
The Plant cell
Abbr.
Plant Cell
ISSN
1040-4651
DOI
10.1105/tpc.002238
Published
2002-08-00
Pages
1903-17
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9208688
PMCID
PMC151473
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
AF427791
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1105/tpc.002238 PMC Full Text View journal details
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