Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 12237405 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

The heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit acts upstream of the small GTPase Rac in disease resistance of rice.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 99 ·No. 20 ·2002-10-01 ·Pages 13307-12

Suharsono U, Fujisawa Y, Kawasaki T, Iwasaki Y, Satoh H, Shimamoto K

Abstract

We used rice dwarf1 (d1) mutants lacking a single-copy Galpha gene and addressed Galpha's role in disease resistance. d1 mutants exhibited a highly reduced hypersensitive response to infection by an avirulent race of rice blast. Activation of PR gene expression in the leaves of the mutants infected with rice blast was delayed for 24 h relative to the wild type. H(2)O(2) production and PR gene expression induced by sphingolipid elicitors (SE) were strongly suppressed in d1 cell cultures. Expression of the constitutively active OsRac1, a small GTPase Rac of rice, in d1 mutants restored SE-dependent defense signaling and resistance to rice blast. Galpha mRNA was induced by an avirulent race of rice blast and SE application on the leaf. These results indicated the role of Galpha in R gene-mediated disease resistance of rice. We have proposed a model for the defense signaling of rice in which the heterotrimeric G protein functions upstream of the small GTPase OsRac1 in the early steps of signaling.

MeSH Terms
Cells, Cultured GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism,physiology Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology Immunity, Innate/genetics Mutation Oryza/genetics,physiology Protein Binding RNA, Messenger/metabolism Signal Transduction Time Factors Transformation, Genetic rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
Chemicals
RNA, Messenger Hydrogen Peroxide GTP Phosphohydrolases Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins rac1 GTP-Binding Protein
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Suharsono Utut
Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan.
Fujisawa Yukiko
Kawasaki Tsutomu
Iwasaki Yukimoto
Satoh Hikaru
Shimamoto Ko
References (36)
36 references, click to expand
  1. Activation of a plant plasma membrane Ca2+ channel by TGalpha1, a heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunit homologue.
    FEBS Lett. 1998 Mar 6;424(1-2):17-21 PMID: 9537507
  2. Rice dwarf mutant d1, which is defective in the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, affects gibberellin signal transduction.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Oct 10;97(21):11638-43 PMID: 11027362
  3. Essential role of the small GTPase Rac in disease resistance of rice.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 16;98(2):759-64 PMID: 11149940
  4. Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch and cold-shock and elicitors on cytoplasmic calcium.
    Nature. 1991 Aug 8;352(6335):524-6 PMID: 1865907
  5. Structure and function of heterotrimeric G proteins in plants.
    Plant Cell Physiol. 2001 Aug;42(8):789-94 PMID: 11522903
  6. Cholera toxin elevates pathogen resistance and induces pathogenesis-related gene expression in tobacco.
    EMBO J. 1995 Dec 1;14(23):5753-61 PMID: 8846769
  7. Cerebrosides A and C, sphingolipid elicitors of hypersensitive cell death and phytoalexin accumulation in rice plants.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 27;273(48):31985-91 PMID: 9822670
  8. Evidence for participation of GTP-binding proteins in elicitation of the rapid oxidative burst in cultured soybean cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Oct 5;267(28):20140-7 PMID: 1400332
  9. G proteins.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1992 Oct;17(10):383-7 PMID: 1455506
  10. Cerebroside elicitors found in diverse phytopathogens activate defense responses in rice plants.
    Plant Cell Physiol. 2000 Jun;41(6):676-83 PMID: 10945336
  11. The many faces of G protein signaling.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 9;273(2):669-72 PMID: 9422713
  12. Activation of Plant Plasma Membrane Ca2+-Permeable Channels by Race-Specific Fungal Elicitors.
    Plant Physiol. 1997 Jan;113(1):269-279 PMID: 12223606
  13. Perception of brassinosteroids by the extracellular domain of the receptor kinase BRI1.
    Science. 2000 Jun 30;288(5475):2360-3 PMID: 10875920
  14. The small GTP-binding protein Rho links G protein-coupled receptors and Galpha12 to the serum response element and to cellular transformation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 16;94(19):10098-103 PMID: 9294169
  15. G alpha 13 stimulates Na+-H+ exchange through distinct Cdc42-dependent and RhoA-dependent pathways.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Mar 15;271(11):6152-8 PMID: 8626403
  16. Lesion mimic mutants of rice with alterations in early signaling events of defense.
    Plant J. 1999 Mar;17(5):535-45 PMID: 10205906
  17. The small GTP-binding protein rac is a regulator of cell death in plants.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 14;96(19):10922-6 PMID: 10485927
  18. p115 RhoGEF, a GTPase activating protein for Galpha12 and Galpha13.
    Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2109-11 PMID: 9641915
  19. Resistance gene-dependent activation of a calcium-dependent protein kinase in the plant defense response.
    Plant Cell. 2000 May;12(5):803-16 PMID: 10810151
  20. Cloning and characterization of a probenazole-inducible gene for an intracellular pathogenesis-related protein in rice.
    Plant Cell Physiol. 1996 Jan;37(1):9-18 PMID: 8720923
  21. Rice gibberellin-insensitive dwarf mutant gene Dwarf 1 encodes the alpha-subunit of GTP-binding protein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 31;96(18):10284-9 PMID: 10468600
  22. Overexpression of the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunit enhances phytochrome-mediated inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 2001 Jul;13(7):1639-52 PMID: 11449056
  23. Heterotrimeric G proteins are implicated in gibberellin induction of a-amylase gene expression in wild oat aleurone
    Plant Cell. 1998 Feb;10(2):245-54 PMID: 9490747
  24. Suppression of the heterotrimeric G protein causes abnormal morphology, including dwarfism, in rice.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jun 22;96(13):7575-80 PMID: 10377457
  25. Characterizing rice lesion mimic mutants and identifying a mutant with broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2000 Aug;13(8):869-76 PMID: 10939258
  26. Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA.
    Plant J. 1994 Aug;6(2):271-82 PMID: 7920717
  27. A mutant Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein beta subunit affects leaf, flower, and fruit development.
    Plant Cell. 2001 Dec;13(12):2631-41 PMID: 11752377
  28. Calcium-mediated apoptosis in a plant hypersensitive disease resistance response.
    Curr Biol. 1996 Apr 1;6(4):427-37 PMID: 8723347
  29. Involvement of specific calmodulin isoforms in salicylic acid-independent activation of plant disease resistance responses.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jan 19;96(2):766-71 PMID: 9892708
  30. G alpha 12 and G alpha 13 stimulate Rho-dependent stress fiber formation and focal adhesion assembly.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Oct 20;270(42):24631-4 PMID: 7559569
  31. Direct stimulation of the guanine nucleotide exchange activity of p115 RhoGEF by Galpha13.
    Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2112-4 PMID: 9641916
  32. Modulation of cell proliferation by heterotrimeric G protein in Arabidopsis.
    Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2066-9 PMID: 11408654
  33. Plant Defense Response to Fungal Pathogens (II. G-Protein-Mediated Changes in Host Plasma Membrane Redox Reactions).
    Plant Physiol. 1994 Sep;106(1):97-102 PMID: 12232307
  34. Superoxide production by plant homologues of the gp91(phox) NADPH oxidase. Modulation of activity by calcium and by tobacco mosaic virus infection.
    Plant Physiol. 2001 Jul;126(3):1281-90 PMID: 11457979
  35. Receptor-mediated activation of a plant Ca2+-permeable ion channel involved in pathogen defense.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 18;94(6):2751-5 PMID: 11038609
  36. G protein regulation of ion channels and abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells.
    Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2070-2 PMID: 11408655
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.192244099
Published
2002-10-01
Epub
2002-00-17
Pages
13307-12
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC130629
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.192244099 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2