Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 12909337 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Regulation of gene expression by stop codon recoding: selenocysteine.

Gene ·Vol. 312 ·2003-07-17 ·Pages 17-25

Copeland PR

Abstract

The regulation of gene expression at the translational level not only allows for rapid changes in specific protein levels but also provides an opportunity to alter codon specificity. For the incorporation of selenocysteine (Sec) into protein, the UGA codon is transformed from one that signals translation termination to one specific for Sec. This review provides a look at Sec incorporation from the perspective of the individual steps involved in protein synthesis: initiation, elongation and termination. The roles of the factors known to be required for Sec incorporation are considered in the context of each step in translation including structural modeling of the differences between the standard elongation factor eEF1A and the Sec-specific counterpart, eEFSec.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals Codon, Terminator/genetics Gene Expression Regulation/genetics Humans Models, Genetic Molecular Sequence Data Protein Biosynthesis/genetics Proteins/genetics,metabolism Selenocysteine/genetics,metabolism Selenoproteins Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Chemicals
Codon, Terminator Proteins Selenoproteins Selenocysteine
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Copeland Paul R
Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Ln Rm 728, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. [email protected]
References (52)
52 references, click to expand
  1. The polypeptide chain release factor eRF1 specifically contacts the s(4)UGA stop codon located in the A site of eukaryotic ribosomes.
    Eur J Biochem. 2001 May;268(10):2896-904 PMID: 11358506
  2. Crystal structures of nucleotide exchange intermediates in the eEF1A-eEF1Balpha complex.
    Nat Struct Biol. 2001 Jun;8(6):531-4 PMID: 11373622
  3. Interplay between termination and translation machinery in eukaryotic selenoprotein synthesis.
    J Mol Biol. 2001 Jul 20;310(4):699-707 PMID: 11453681
  4. The kink-turn: a new RNA secondary structure motif.
    EMBO J. 2001 Aug 1;20(15):4214-21 PMID: 11483524
  5. Translational silencing of ceruloplasmin requires the essential elements of mRNA circularization: poly(A) tail, poly(A)-binding protein, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Oct;21(19):6440-9 PMID: 11533233
  6. RNA binding proteins and selenocysteine.
    Biofactors. 2001;14(1-4):11-6 PMID: 11568435
  7. Selenocysteine incorporation directed from the 3'UTR: characterization of eukaryotic EFsec and mechanistic implications.
    Biofactors. 2001;14(1-4):17-24 PMID: 11568436
  8. The selenocysteine incorporation machinery: interactions between the SECIS RNA and the SECIS-binding protein SBP2.
    RNA. 2001 Oct;7(10):1442-53 PMID: 11680849
  9. Structural basis for nucleotide exchange and competition with tRNA in the yeast elongation factor complex eEF1A:eEF1Balpha.
    Mol Cell. 2000 Nov;6(5):1261-6 PMID: 11106763
  10. A 250-nucleotide UA-rich element in the 3' untranslated region of Xenopus laevis Vg1 mRNA represses translation both in vivo and in vitro.
    RNA. 2001 Dec;7(12):1753-67 PMID: 11780632
  11. Mammalian selenoprotein in which selenocysteine (Sec) incorporation is supported by a new form of Sec insertion sequence element.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Mar;22(5):1402-11 PMID: 11839807
  12. A PUF family portrait: 3'UTR regulation as a way of life.
    Trends Genet. 2002 Mar;18(3):150-7 PMID: 11858839
  13. Gene-specific regulation by general translation factors.
    Cell. 2002 Feb 22;108(4):545-56 PMID: 11909525
  14. Mass spectrometric characterization of full-length rat selenoprotein P and three isoforms shortened at the C terminus. Evidence that three UGA codons in the mRNA open reading frame have alternative functions of specifying selenocysteine insertion or translation termination.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 12;277(15):12749-54 PMID: 11821412
  15. How selenium has altered our understanding of the genetic code.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;22(11):3565-76 PMID: 11997494
  16. cDNA cloning, expression pattern and RNA binding analysis of human selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) binding protein 2.
    Gene. 2002 May 29;291(1-2):279-85 PMID: 12095701
  17. Multiple, conserved iron-responsive elements in the 3'-untranslated region of transferrin receptor mRNA enhance binding of iron regulatory protein 2.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 8;277(45):42579-87 PMID: 12200453
  18. Evolutionarily different RNA motifs and RNA-protein complexes to achieve selenoprotein synthesis.
    Biochimie. 2002 Aug;84(8):765-74 PMID: 12457564
  19. The function of SECIS RNA in translational control of gene expression in Escherichia coli.
    EMBO J. 2002 Dec 16;21(24):6925-34 PMID: 12486013
  20. A novel role of the mammalian GSPT/eRF3 associating with poly(A)-binding protein in Cap/Poly(A)-dependent translation.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 27;277(52):50286-92 PMID: 12381739
  21. Coupled tRNA(Sec)-dependent assembly of the selenocysteine decoding apparatus.
    Mol Cell. 2003 Mar;11(3):773-81 PMID: 12667458
  22. Translation elongation factor 1 functions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2001;66:439-48 PMID: 12762046
  23. Mechanism and regulation of selenoprotein synthesis.
    Annu Rev Nutr. 2003;23:17-40 PMID: 12524431
  24. Use of the UGA terminator as a tryptophan codon in yeast mitochondria.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3784-5 PMID: 226981
  25. Deviation from the universal code shown by the gene for surface protein 51A in Paramecium.
    Nature. 1985 Mar 14-20;314(6007):188-90 PMID: 3974722
  26. Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Nov 25;16(22):10881-90 PMID: 2849754
  27. Identification of a selenocysteyl-tRNA(Ser) in mammalian cells that recognizes the nonsense codon, UGA.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Jun 15;264(17):9724-7 PMID: 2498338
  28. UGA is translated as cysteine in pheromone 3 of Euplotes octocarinatus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3758-61 PMID: 1902568
  29. Deletion analysis of the SUP35 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals two non-overlapping functional regions in the encoded protein.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 Mar;7(5):683-92 PMID: 8469113
  30. Translational termination efficiency in mammals is influenced by the base following the stop codon.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jun 6;92(12):5431-5 PMID: 7777525
  31. Glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase are differentially regulated in rats by dietary selenium.
    J Nutr. 1995 Jun;125(6):1438-46 PMID: 7782896
  32. Termination of translation in eukaryotes is governed by two interacting polypeptide chain release factors, eRF1 and eRF3.
    EMBO J. 1995 Aug 15;14(16):4065-72 PMID: 7664746
  33. Increased expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation elongation factor 1 alpha bypasses the lethality of a TEF5 null allele encoding elongation factor 1 beta.
    Genetics. 1995 Oct;141(2):481-9 PMID: 8647386
  34. An RNA-binding protein recognizes a mammalian selenocysteine insertion sequence element required for cotranslational incorporation of selenocysteine.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Apr;17(4):1977-85 PMID: 9121445
  35. Early embryonic lethality caused by targeted disruption of the mouse selenocysteine tRNA gene (Trsp).
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 May 27;94(11):5531-4 PMID: 9159106
  36. Cis-acting elements are required for selenium regulation of glutathione peroxidase-1 mRNA levels.
    RNA. 1998 Jul;4(7):816-27 PMID: 9671054
  37. mRNA stability and selenocysteine insertion sequence efficiency rank gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase high in the hierarchy of selenoproteins.
    Eur J Biochem. 1999 Jan;259(1-2):149-57 PMID: 9914487
  38. The eukaryotic polypeptide chain releasing factor (eRF3/GSPT) carrying the translation termination signal to the 3'-Poly(A) tail of mRNA. Direct association of erf3/GSPT with polyadenylate-binding protein.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):16677-80 PMID: 10358005
  39. Purification, redox sensitivity, and RNA binding properties of SECIS-binding protein 2, a protein involved in selenoprotein biosynthesis.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Sep 3;274(36):25447-54 PMID: 10464275
  40. Lipoxygenase mRNA silencing in erythroid differentiation: The 3'UTR regulatory complex controls 60S ribosomal subunit joining.
    Cell. 2001 Jan 26;104(2):281-90 PMID: 11207368
  41. The role of Upf proteins in modulating the translation read-through of nonsense-containing transcripts.
    EMBO J. 2001 Feb 15;20(4):880-90 PMID: 11179232
  42. Characterization of mSelB, a novel mammalian elongation factor for selenoprotein translation.
    EMBO J. 2000 Sep 1;19(17):4796-805 PMID: 10970870
  43. Polysome distribution of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase mRNA: evidence for a block in elongation at the UGA/selenocysteine codon.
    RNA. 2000 Nov;6(11):1573-84 PMID: 11105757
  44. A novel RNA binding protein, SBP2, is required for the translation of mammalian selenoprotein mRNAs.
    EMBO J. 2000 Jan 17;19(2):306-14 PMID: 10637234
  45. The crystal structure of human eukaryotic release factor eRF1--mechanism of stop codon recognition and peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis.
    Cell. 2000 Feb 4;100(3):311-21 PMID: 10676813
  46. Rapid deadenylation and Poly(A)-dependent translational repression mediated by the Caenorhabditis elegans tra-2 3' untranslated region in Xenopus embryos.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;20(6):2129-37 PMID: 10688659
  47. Eukaryotic selenocysteine incorporation follows a nonprocessive mechanism that competes with translational termination.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 May 19;275(20):14846-52 PMID: 10809727
  48. Nonsense-mediated decay of glutathione peroxidase 1 mRNA in the cytoplasm depends on intron position.
    EMBO J. 2000 Sep 1;19(17):4734-44 PMID: 10970865
  49. Selective inhibition of selenocysteine tRNA maturation and selenoprotein synthesis in transgenic mice expressing isopentenyladenosine-deficient selenocysteine tRNA.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jun;21(11):3840-52 PMID: 11340175
  50. Decoding apparatus for eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion.
    EMBO Rep. 2000 Aug;1(2):158-63 PMID: 11265756
  51. Insight into mammalian selenocysteine insertion: domain structure and ribosome binding properties of Sec insertion sequence binding protein 2.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Mar;21(5):1491-8 PMID: 11238886
  52. Selenocysteine codons decrease polysome association on endogenous selenoprotein mRNAs.
    Genes Cells. 2001 Feb;6(2):121-9 PMID: 11260257
Article Info
Journal
Gene
Abbr.
Gene
ISSN
0378-1119
DOI
10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00588-2
Email
[email protected]
Published
2003-07-17
Pages
17-25
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
7706761
PMCID
PMC2820279
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM068077 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM068077-01 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00588-2 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2