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PMID: 17725999 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review

Consequences of variations in genes that affect dopamine in prefrontal cortex.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) ·Vol. 17 Suppl 1 ·2007-09-00 ·Pages i161-70

Diamond A

Abstract

Patricia Goldman-Rakic played a groundbreaking role in investigating the cognitive functions subserved by dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the key role of dopamine in that. The work discussed here builds on that including: 1) Studies of children predicted to have lower levels of prefrontal dopamine but otherwise basically normal brains (children treated for phenylketonuria [PKU]). Those studies changed medical guidelines, improving the children's lives. 2) Studies of visual impairments (in contrast sensitivity and motion perception) in PKU children due to reduced retinal dopamine and due to excessive phenylalanine during the first postnatal weeks. Those studies, too, changed medical guidelines. 3) Studies of working memory and inhibitory control differences in typically developing children due to differences in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype, which selectively affect prefrontal dopamine levels. 4) Studies of gender differences in the effect of COMT genotype on cognitive performance in older adults. 5) A hypothesis about fundamental differences between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that includes hyperactivity and ADHD of the inattentive type. Those disorders are hypothesized to differ in the affected neural system, underlying genetics, responsiveness to medication, comorbidities, and cognitive and behavioral profiles. These sound quite disparate but they all grew systematically out the base laid down by Patricia Goldman-Rakic.

MeSH Terms
Aged Catechol O-Methyltransferase/metabolism Child Dopamine/genetics,metabolism,physiology Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics Female Humans Male Phenylketonurias/genetics,therapy Prefrontal Cortex/physiology Receptors, Dopamine/genetics Vision, Ocular/physiology
Chemicals
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins Receptors, Dopamine Catechol O-Methyltransferase Dopamine
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Diamond Adele
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. [email protected]
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Article Info
Journal
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
Abbr.
Cereb Cortex
ISSN
1047-3211
DOI
10.1093/cercor/bhm082
Email
[email protected]
Published
2007-09-00
Pages
i161-70
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
9110718
PMCID
PMC2238775
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA019685 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH41842 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA19685 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · F32 MH09007 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA019685-16A2 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · R01 DA19685-16A2 · United States
NICHD NIH HHS · R01 HD34346 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhm082 PMC Full Text View journal details
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