Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 2233709 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Tissue-specific expression from a compound TATA-dependent and TATA-independent promoter.

Molecular and cellular biology ·Vol. 10 ·No. 11 ·1990-11-00 ·Pages 5646-54

Garrity PA, Wold BJ

Abstract

We have found that the mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene promoter functions in an unusual, compound manner. It directs both TATA-dependent and TATA-independent modes of transcription in vivo. The TATA-dependent message is initiated at the previously characterized +1 transcription start site and is the predominant species in most tissues. In many cell types it is metal inducible. The TATA-independent initiation sites are distributed over the 160 bp upstream of the previously characterized +1 start site, and the RNA products are present in all tissues examined. Only in testis, however, do the TATA-independent transcripts predominate, accumulating to highest levels in pachytene-stage meiotic cells and early spermatids. Unlike the TATA-dependent +1 transcript, these RNAs are not induced by metal, even in cultured cells in which the +1 species is induced. Transfection studies of site-directed mutants show that destruction of the TATA element drastically alters the ratio of the two RNA classes in cells in which the +1 transcripts normally dominates. In TATA-minus mutants, the TATA-independent RNAs become the most prevalent, although they remain refractory to metal induction. Thus, the MT-I promoter utilizes two different types of core promoter function within a single cell population. The two different types of core promoter respond very differently to environmental stimuli, and the choice between them appears to be regulated in a tissue-specific fashion.

MeSH Terms
Animals Base Sequence Crosses, Genetic Gene Expression L Cells/metabolism Male Metallothionein/genetics Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Inbred DBA Molecular Sequence Data Mutagenesis, Site-Directed Oligonucleotide Probes Organ Specificity Promoter Regions, Genetic Restriction Mapping TATA Box Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
Oligonucleotide Probes Metallothionein
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Garrity P A
Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.
Wold B J
References (50)
50 references, click to expand
  1. Expression of the mouse HPRT gene: deletional analysis of the promoter region of an X-chromosome linked housekeeping gene.
    Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):319-28 PMID: 3455894
  2. Transcription factor Sp1 recognizes a DNA sequence in the mouse dihydrofolate reductase promoter.
    Nature. 1986 Jan 16-22;319(6050):246-8 PMID: 3945313
  3. A re-examination of the 5' termini of mouse dihydrofolate reductase RNA.
    J Biol Chem. 1986 Apr 5;261(10):4685-90 PMID: 3007471
  4. Metallothionein.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:913-51 PMID: 3527054
  5. Murine dihydrofolate reductase transcripts through the cell cycle.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Feb;6(2):365-71 PMID: 3785152
  6. Multiple transcription start sites, DNase I-hypersensitive sites, and an opposite-strand exon in the 5' region of the CHO dhfr gene.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Feb;6(2):425-40 PMID: 3023846
  7. Constitutive and inducible Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters: evidence for two distinct molecular mechanisms.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):3847-53 PMID: 3540601
  8. A single polypeptide possesses the binding and transcription activities of the adenovirus major late transcription factor.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4723-33 PMID: 3796614
  9. Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor.
    Cell. 1987 Jun 19;49(6):729-39 PMID: 3034432
  10. Developmental-stage-specific expression of the hsp70 gene family during differentiation of the mammalian male germ line.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1987 May;7(5):1791-6 PMID: 3600644
  11. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.
    Anal Biochem. 1987 Apr;162(1):156-9 PMID: 2440339
  12. Multiple global regulators control HIS4 transcription in yeast.
    Science. 1987 Aug 21;237(4817):874-80 PMID: 3303332
  13. Constitutive and metal-inducible protein:DNA interactions at the mouse metallothionein I promoter examined by in vivo and in vitro footprinting.
    Genes Dev. 1988 Apr;2(4):412-27 PMID: 3371659
  14. Function of a yeast TATA element-binding protein in a mammalian transcription system.
    Nature. 1988 Jul 7;334(6177):37-42 PMID: 3290687
  15. Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: purification, genetic specificity, and TATA box-promoter interactions of TFIID.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Oct;8(10):4028-40 PMID: 3185540
  16. The "initiator" as a transcription control element.
    Cell. 1989 Apr 7;57(1):103-13 PMID: 2467742
  17. Expression of c-kit gene products in known cellular targets of W mutations in normal and W mutant mice--evidence for an impaired c-kit kinase in mutant mice.
    Genes Dev. 1989 Jun;3(6):816-26 PMID: 2473008
  18. Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins.
    Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):371-8 PMID: 2667136
  19. Yeast TATA-binding protein TFIID binds to TATA elements with both consensus and nonconsensus DNA sequences.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(15):5718-22 PMID: 2569738
  20. Inhibition of DNA binding proteins by oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation.
    Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):725-30 PMID: 2549631
  21. Identification of regulatory sequences in the prelude sequences of an H2A histone gene by the study of specific deletion mutants in vivo.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1432-6 PMID: 6929494
  22. In vivo sequence requirements of the SV40 early promotor region.
    Nature. 1981 Mar 26;290(5804):304-10 PMID: 6259538
  23. Transcriptional regulation of the mouse metallothionein-I gene by heavy metals.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Jun 10;256(11):5712-6 PMID: 7240167
  24. Identification of a promoter component involved in positioning the 5' termini of simian virus 40 early mRNAs.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jan;78(1):100-4 PMID: 6264425
  25. Structure of mouse metallothionein-I gene and its mRNA.
    Nature. 1981 Jul 16;292(5820):267-9 PMID: 7254320
  26. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349-83 PMID: 6791577
  27. Analysis of transcriptional regulatory signals of the HSV thymidine kinase gene: identification of an upstream control region.
    Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):385-98 PMID: 6269744
  28. Promotion of specific in vitro transcription by excised "TATA" box sequences inserted in a foreign nucleotide environment.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Aug 25;9(16):3941-58 PMID: 7301576
  29. Three regions upstream from the cap site are required for efficient and accurate transcription of the rabbit beta-globin gene in mouse 3T6 cells.
    Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):695-706 PMID: 6299573
  30. Identification of two distinct regulatory regions adjacent to the human beta-interferon gene.
    Cell. 1983 Oct;34(3):865-79 PMID: 6313211
  31. A method for isolation of intact, translationally active ribonucleic acid.
    DNA. 1983;2(4):329-35 PMID: 6198133
  32. HMG CoA reductase: a negatively regulated gene with unusual promoter and 5' untranslated regions.
    Cell. 1984 Aug;38(1):275-85 PMID: 6088070
  33. Regulation, linkage, and sequence of mouse metallothionein I and II genes.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;4(7):1221-30 PMID: 6095054
  34. A 12-base-pair DNA motif that is repeated several times in metallothionein gene promoters confers metal regulation to a heterologous gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(23):7318-22 PMID: 6095286
  35. Duplicated heavy metal control sequences of the mouse metallothionein-I gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(23):7392-6 PMID: 6095291
  36. Heterogeneity at the 5' termini of mouse dihydrofolate reductase mRNAs. Evidence for multiple promoter regions.
    J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 25;260(4):2307-14 PMID: 2982814
  37. Stable reduction of thymidine kinase activity in cells expressing high levels of anti-sense RNA.
    Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):129-38 PMID: 2410135
  38. Characterization and sequence of the promoter region of the human epidermal growth factor receptor gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Aug;82(15):4920-4 PMID: 2991899
  39. Two distinct transcription factors bind to the HSV thymidine kinase promoter in vitro.
    Cell. 1985 Sep;42(2):559-72 PMID: 2992804
  40. Building a metal-responsive promoter with synthetic regulatory elements.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1480-9 PMID: 2993866
  41. Interaction of a gene-specific transcription factor with the adenovirus major late promoter upstream of the TATA box region.
    Cell. 1985 Nov;43(1):165-75 PMID: 4075392
  42. An RNA polymerase II transcription factor binds to an upstream element in the adenovirus major late promoter.
    Cell. 1985 Dec;43(2 Pt 1):439-48 PMID: 4075400
  43. Isolation of the gene encoding the yeast TATA binding protein TFIID: a gene identical to the SPT15 suppressor of Ty element insertions.
    Cell. 1989 Sep 22;58(6):1173-81 PMID: 2550146
  44. SPT15, the gene encoding the yeast TATA binding factor TFIID, is required for normal transcription initiation in vivo.
    Cell. 1989 Sep 22;58(6):1183-91 PMID: 2673545
  45. Cloning and structure of a yeast gene encoding a general transcription initiation factor TFIID that binds to the TATA box.
    Nature. 1989 Sep 28;341(6240):299-303 PMID: 2677740
  46. Functional distinctions between yeast TATA elements.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Dec;9(12):5298-304 PMID: 2685558
  47. Transcription initiation from the dihydrofolate reductase promoter is positioned by HIP1 binding at the initiation site.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Feb;10(2):653-61 PMID: 2300058
  48. Differential gene expression during mouse spermatogenesis.
    Biol Reprod. 1989 Oct;41(4):729-39 PMID: 2482783
  49. Separation of mouse testis cells on a Celsep (TM) apparatus and their usefulness as a source of high molecular weight DNA or RNA.
    Gamete Res. 1985;12:1-10 PMID: 11539049
  50. Gene-induced embryological modifications of primordial germ cells in the mouse.
    J Exp Zool. 1957 Mar;134(2):207-37 PMID: 13428952
Article Info
Journal
Molecular and cellular biology
Abbr.
Mol Cell Biol
ISSN
0270-7306
DOI
10.1128/mcb.10.11.5646-5654.1990
Published
1990-11-00
Pages
5646-54
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8109087
PMCID
PMC361326
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · 5 T32 GM 07616-11 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mcb.10.11.5646-5654.1990 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2