Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 22471867 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Overview and findings from the rush Memory and Aging Project.

Current Alzheimer research ·Vol. 9 ·No. 6 ·2012-07-00 ·Pages 646-63

Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Buchman AS, Barnes LL, Boyle PA, Wilson RS

Abstract

The Memory and Aging Project is a longitudinal, epidemiologic clinical-pathologic cohort study of common chronic conditions of aging with an emphasis on decline in cognitive and motor function and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this manuscript, we first summarize the study design and methods. Then, we present data on: (1) the relation of motor function to cognition, disability, and death; (2) the relation of risk factors to cognitive and motor outcomes, disability and death; (3) the relation of neuropathologic indices to cognitive outcomes; (4) the relation of risk factors to neuropathologic indices; and (5) additional study findings. The findings are discussed and contextualized.

MeSH Terms
Aging/pathology Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology,etiology,pathology Brain/pathology Cognition Cognition Disorders/epidemiology,etiology,pathology Dementia/epidemiology,etiology,pathology Humans Memory Neuropsychological Tests Research Design
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Bennett David A
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina, Suite 1028, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. [email protected]
Schneider Julie A
Buchman Aron S
Barnes Lisa L
Boyle Patricia A
Wilson Robert S
References (215)
215 references, click to expand
  1. Assessment of lifetime participation in cognitively stimulating activities.
    J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003 Aug;25(5):634-42 PMID: 12815501
  2. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
    Arch Neurol. 1985 Nov;42(11):1097-105 PMID: 2864910
  3. Neuropathologic intermediate phenotypes enhance association to Alzheimer susceptibility alleles.
    Neurology. 2009 Apr 28;72(17):1495-503 PMID: 19398704
  4. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association.
    Stroke. 2011 Sep;42(9):2672-713 PMID: 21778438
  5. Common variants at MS4A4/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33 and EPHA1 are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
    Nat Genet. 2011 May;43(5):436-41 PMID: 21460841
  6. Influence of education and occupation on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease.
    JAMA. 1994 Apr 6;271(13):1004-10 PMID: 8139057
  7. Rate of entorhinal and hippocampal atrophy in incipient and mild AD: relation to memory function.
    Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Jul;31(7):1089-98 PMID: 18809228
  8. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician.
    J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3):189-98 PMID: 1202204
  9. Validity of the diagnostic interview schedule, version II: DSM-III diagnoses.
    Psychol Med. 1982 Nov;12(4):855-70 PMID: 7156256
  10. Relation of education to brain size in normal aging: implications for the reserve hypothesis.
    Neurology. 1999 Jul 13;53(1):189-96 PMID: 10408558
  11. Early and late life cognitive activity and cognitive systems in old age.
    J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Jul;11(4):400-7 PMID: 16209420
  12. Purpose in life is associated with mortality among community-dwelling older persons.
    Psychosom Med. 2009 Jun;71(5):574-9 PMID: 19414613
  13. Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons.
    Neurology. 2002 Aug 13;59(3):364-70 PMID: 12177369
  14. Cerebral infarctions and the relationship of depression symptoms to level of cognitive functioning in older persons.
    Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004 Mar-Apr;12(2):211-9 PMID: 15010350
  15. The trajectory of gait speed preceding mild cognitive impairment.
    Arch Neurol. 2010 Aug;67(8):980-6 PMID: 20697049
  16. Cognitive function is associated with the development of mobility impairments in community-dwelling elders.
    Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011 Jun;19(6):571-80 PMID: 21606900
  17. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurology. 1989 Sep;39(9):1159-65 PMID: 2771064
  18. Two shorter forms of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression) depression symptoms index.
    J Aging Health. 1993 May;5(2):179-93 PMID: 10125443
  19. Pathological markers associated with normal aging and dementia in the elderly.
    Ann Neurol. 1993 Oct;34(4):566-73 PMID: 8215244
  20. Age-associated reduction of asymmetry in prefrontal function and preservation of conceptual repetition priming.
    Neuroimage. 2009 Mar 1;45(1):237-46 PMID: 19015038
  21. Musculoskeletal pain and incident disability in community-dwelling older adults.
    Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010 Sep;62(9):1287-93 PMID: 20853470
  22. A genome-wide association study of aging.
    Neurobiol Aging. 2011 Nov;32(11):2109.e15-28 PMID: 21782286
  23. Alzheimer disease and cognitive reserve: variation of education effect with carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B uptake.
    Arch Neurol. 2008 Nov;65(11):1467-71 PMID: 19001165
  24. Kidney function and cognitive performance and decline in older men.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Nov;56(11):2082-8 PMID: 18795984
  25. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
    Acta Neuropathol. 1991;82(4):239-59 PMID: 1759558
  26. Mild cognitive impairment is related to Alzheimer disease pathology and cerebral infarctions.
    Neurology. 2005 Mar 8;64(5):834-41 PMID: 15753419
  27. Association between late-life social activity and motor decline in older adults.
    Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jun 22;169(12):1139-46 PMID: 19546415
  28. Parkinsonian signs and cognitive function in old age.
    J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Sep;11(5):591-7 PMID: 16212686
  29. Terminal cognitive decline: accelerated loss of cognition in the last years of life.
    Psychosom Med. 2007 Feb-Mar;69(2):131-7 PMID: 17327212
  30. Childhood adversity and psychosocial adjustment in old age.
    Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;14(4):307-15 PMID: 16582039
  31. Report of the second dementia with Lewy body international workshop: diagnosis and treatment. Consortium on Dementia with Lewy Bodies.
    Neurology. 1999 Sep 22;53(5):902-5 PMID: 10496243
  32. Predictors of preclinical Alzheimer disease and dementia: a clinicopathologic study.
    Arch Neurol. 2005 May;62(5):758-65 PMID: 15883263
  33. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study.
    JAMA. 1997 Mar 12;277(10):813-7 PMID: 9052711
  34. Cognition, reserve, and amyloid deposition in normal aging.
    Ann Neurol. 2010 Mar;67(3):353-64 PMID: 20373347
  35. Pathological correlates of dementia in a longitudinal, population-based sample of aging.
    Ann Neurol. 2007 Oct;62(4):406-13 PMID: 17879383
  36. Neurofibrillary tangles in nondemented elderly subjects and mild Alzheimer disease.
    Arch Neurol. 1999 Jun;56(6):713-8 PMID: 10369312
  37. Relation of cerebral infarctions to dementia and cognitive function in older persons.
    Neurology. 2003 Apr 8;60(7):1082-8 PMID: 12682310
  38. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease.
    Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):270-9 PMID: 21514249
  39. Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The National Institute on Aging, and Reagan Institute Working Group on Diagnostic Criteria for the Neuropathological Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease.
    Neurobiol Aging. 1997 Jul-Aug;18(4 Suppl):S1-2 PMID: 9330978
  40. MRI predictors of risk of incident Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal study.
    Neurology. 2005 May 10;64(9):1520-4 PMID: 15883311
  41. Kidney function is associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the elderly.
    Neurology. 2009 Sep 22;73(12):920-7 PMID: 19657107
  42. Vulnerability to stress, anxiety, and development of dementia in old age.
    Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011 Apr;19(4):327-34 PMID: 21427641
  43. Parkinsonian signs in subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
    Neurology. 2005 Dec 27;65(12):1901-6 PMID: 16380610
  44. A Guttman health scale for the aged.
    J Gerontol. 1966 Oct;21(4):556-9 PMID: 5918309
  45. Diabetes mellitus, dementia, and cognitive function in older persons.
    J Nutr Health Aging. 2006 Jul-Aug;10(4):287-91 PMID: 16886098
  46. Lewy bodies and olfactory dysfunction in old age.
    Chem Senses. 2011 May;36(4):367-73 PMID: 21257733
  47. The structure of psychological well-being revisited.
    J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Oct;69(4):719-27 PMID: 7473027
  48. Cognition and neuropathology in aging: multidimensional perspectives from the Rush Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory And Aging Project.
    Curr Alzheimer Res. 2011 Jun;8(4):336-40 PMID: 21222592
  49. Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques.
    Ann Neurol. 1988 Feb;23(2):138-44 PMID: 2897823
  50. Harm avoidance and disability in old age.
    Exp Aging Res. 2006 Jul-Sep;32(3):243-61 PMID: 16754467
  51. Correlates of life space in a volunteer cohort of older adults.
    Exp Aging Res. 2007 Jan-Mar;33(1):77-93 PMID: 17132565
  52. Physical frailty in older persons is associated with Alzheimer disease pathology.
    Neurology. 2008 Aug 12;71(7):499-504 PMID: 18695161
  53. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living.
    Gerontologist. 1969 Autumn;9(3):179-86 PMID: 5349366
  54. Can dementia be prevented? Brain aging in a population-based context.
    Annu Rev Public Health. 2004;25:1-24 PMID: 15015910
  55. Association between life space and risk of mortality in advanced age.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Oct;58(10):1925-30 PMID: 20831722
  56. Respiratory failure in the elderly.
    Clin Geriatr Med. 1994 Feb;10(1):103-19 PMID: 8168018
  57. Genetic variation at CR1 increases risk of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
    Neurology. 2012 Jan 31;78(5):334-41 PMID: 22262751
  58. Life space and risk of Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline in old age.
    Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011 Nov;19(11):961-9 PMID: 21430509
  59. Harm avoidance and risk of Alzheimer's disease.
    Psychosom Med. 2011 Oct;73(8):690-6 PMID: 21949425
  60. Diabetes and cognitive systems in older black and white persons.
    Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2010 Jan-Mar;24(1):37-42 PMID: 19568148
  61. Education modifies the relation of AD pathology to level of cognitive function in older persons.
    Neurology. 2003 Jun 24;60(12):1909-15 PMID: 12821732
  62. Subcortical infarcts, Alzheimer's disease pathology, and memory function in older persons.
    Ann Neurol. 2007 Jul;62(1):59-66 PMID: 17503514
  63. Change in motor function and risk of mortality in older persons.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007 Jan;55(1):11-9 PMID: 17233680
  64. Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow: implications for a reserve against Alzheimer's disease pathology.
    Neurology. 1995 Jan;45(1):55-60 PMID: 7824135
  65. Hepatic lobar differences in progression of chronic liver disease: correlation of asialoglycoprotein scintigraphy and hepatic functional reserve.
    Hepatology. 1997 Apr;25(4):828-32 PMID: 9096583
  66. Grip strength and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease.
    Neuroepidemiology. 2007;29(1-2):66-73 PMID: 17925596
  67. Head circumference as a measure of cognitive reserve. Association with severity of impairment in Alzheimer's disease.
    Br J Psychiatry. 1996 Jul;169(1):86-92 PMID: 8818374
  68. Odor identification and decline in different cognitive domains in old age.
    Neuroepidemiology. 2006;26(2):61-7 PMID: 16352908
  69. Genome-wide association of familial late-onset Alzheimer's disease replicates BIN1 and CLU and nominates CUGBP2 in interaction with APOE.
    PLoS Genet. 2011 Feb;7(2):e1001308 PMID: 21379329
  70. Olfactory identification and incidence of mild cognitive impairment in older age.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Jul;64(7):802-8 PMID: 17606814
  71. Random-effects models for longitudinal data.
    Biometrics. 1982 Dec;38(4):963-74 PMID: 7168798
  72. Nigral pathology and parkinsonian signs in elders without Parkinson disease.
    Ann Neurol. 2012 Feb;71(2):258-66 PMID: 22367997
  73. Pulmonary function, muscle strength and mortality in old age.
    Mech Ageing Dev. 2008 Nov;129(11):625-31 PMID: 18755207
  74. Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census.
    Arch Neurol. 2003 Aug;60(8):1119-22 PMID: 12925369
  75. Cardiovascular reserve capacity in healthy older humans.
    Aging (Milano). 1994 Aug;6(4):213-23 PMID: 7880870
  76. Change in frailty and risk of death in older persons.
    Exp Aging Res. 2009 Jan-Mar;35(1):61-82 PMID: 19173102
  77. Phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha increases BACE1 levels and promotes amyloidogenesis.
    Neuron. 2008 Dec 26;60(6):988-1009 PMID: 19109907
  78. Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons.
    Neurology. 2007 Dec 11;69(24):2197-204 PMID: 17568013
  79. Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults.
    Neurology. 2012 Apr 24;78(17):1323-9 PMID: 22517108
  80. Clinicopathologic correlations in a large Alzheimer disease center autopsy cohort: neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles "do count" when staging disease severity.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2007 Dec;66(12):1136-46 PMID: 18090922
  81. Association of premorbid intellectual function with cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis.
    Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Feb;154(2):165-72 PMID: 9016263
  82. Neuropathological and neuropsychological changes in "normal" aging: evidence for preclinical Alzheimer disease in cognitively normal individuals.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1998 Dec;57(12):1168-74 PMID: 9862640
  83. Education and Alzheimer disease without dementia: support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis.
    Neurology. 2007 Jan 16;68(3):223-8 PMID: 17224578
  84. Intermediate phenotypes identify divergent pathways to Alzheimer's disease.
    PLoS One. 2010 Jun 21;5(6):e11244 PMID: 20574532
  85. The public health impact of Alzheimer's disease, 2000-2050: potential implication of treatment advances.
    Annu Rev Public Health. 2002;23:213-31 PMID: 11910061
  86. Neurodegenerative basis of age-related cognitive decline.
    Neurology. 2010 Sep 21;75(12):1070-8 PMID: 20844243
  87. Effect of infarcts on dementia in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging.
    Ann Neurol. 2008 Aug;64(2):168-76 PMID: 18496870
  88. Conscientiousness and the incidence of Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;64(10):1204-12 PMID: 17909133
  89. Relation of cognitive activity to risk of developing Alzheimer disease.
    Neurology. 2007 Nov 13;69(20):1911-20 PMID: 17596582
  90. An association between head circumference and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based study of aging and dementia.
    Neurology. 1997 Jul;49(1):30-7 PMID: 9222166
  91. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop.
    Neurology. 1993 Feb;43(2):250-60 PMID: 8094895
  92. Parkinsonian signs and functional disability in old age.
    Exp Aging Res. 2007 Jan-Mar;33(1):59-76 PMID: 17132564
  93. Processing resources reduce the effect of Alzheimer pathology on other cognitive systems.
    Neurology. 2008 Apr 22;70(17):1534-42 PMID: 18354077
  94. Vibratory thresholds and mobility in older persons.
    Muscle Nerve. 2009 Jun;39(6):754-60 PMID: 19306325
  95. Odor identification and progression of parkinsonian signs in older persons.
    Exp Aging Res. 2008 Jul-Sep;34(3):173-87 PMID: 18568978
  96. Gait slowing as a predictor of incident dementia: 6-year longitudinal data from the Sydney Older Persons Study.
    J Neurol Sci. 2005 Mar 15;229-230:89-93 PMID: 15760625
  97. Microinfarct pathology, dementia, and cognitive systems.
    Stroke. 2011 Mar;42(3):722-7 PMID: 21212395
  98. Use of brief cognitive tests to identify individuals in the community with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease.
    Int J Neurosci. 1991 Apr;57(3-4):167-78 PMID: 1938160
  99. Physical activity and leg strength predict decline in mobility performance in older persons.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007 Oct;55(10):1618-23 PMID: 17697103
  100. Executive function, memory, and gait speed decline in well-functioning older adults.
    J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010 Oct;65(10):1093-100 PMID: 20581339
  101. Aging and the kidney.
    J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996 Aug;7(8):1106-22 PMID: 8866401
  102. The effect of social networks on the relation between Alzheimer's disease pathology and level of cognitive function in old people: a longitudinal cohort study.
    Lancet Neurol. 2006 May;5(5):406-12 PMID: 16632311
  103. Respiratory muscle strength predicts decline in mobility in older persons.
    Neuroepidemiology. 2008;31(3):174-80 PMID: 18784416
  104. Chronic distress and incidence of mild cognitive impairment.
    Neurology. 2007 Jun 12;68(24):2085-92 PMID: 17562829
  105. Total daily physical activity and longevity in old age.
    Arch Intern Med. 2012 Mar 12;172(5):444-6 PMID: 22412115
  106. Alzheimer's neurofibrillary pathology and the spectrum of cognitive function: findings from the Nun Study.
    Ann Neurol. 2002 May;51(5):567-77 PMID: 12112102
  107. Alzheimer disease pathology in cognitively healthy elderly: a genome-wide study.
    Neurobiol Aging. 2011 Dec;32(12):2113-22 PMID: 20452100
  108. Lower extremity motor function and disability in mild cognitive impairment.
    Exp Aging Res. 2007 Jul-Sep;33(3):355-71 PMID: 17497375
  109. Education modifies the association of amyloid but not tangles with cognitive function.
    Neurology. 2005 Sep 27;65(6):953-5 PMID: 16186546
  110. Regional brain cortical thinning and systemic inflammation in older persons without dementia.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Sep;58(9):1823-5 PMID: 20863359
  111. Hematopoietic reserve provided by spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S).
    Exp Hematol. 1995 Nov;23(12):1242-6 PMID: 7589277
  112. Sex differences in the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer disease pathology.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):685-91 PMID: 15939846
  113. Parkinsonian signs in older people in a community-based study: risk of incident dementia.
    Arch Neurol. 2004 Aug;61(8):1273-6 PMID: 15313847
  114. Quantification of the fragmentation of rest-activity patterns in elderly individuals using a state transition analysis.
    Sleep. 2011 Nov 01;34(11):1569-81 PMID: 22043128
  115. Pulmonary function, muscle strength, and incident mobility disability in elders.
    Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009 Dec 1;6(7):581-7 PMID: 19934353
  116. Neuropathologic correlates of hippocampal atrophy in the elderly: a clinical, pathologic, postmortem MRI study.
    PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26286 PMID: 22043314
  117. Physical activity is associated with incident disability in community-based older persons.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007 Feb;55(2):195-201 PMID: 17302655
  118. Cognitive function is associated with risk aversion in community-based older persons.
    BMC Geriatr. 2011 Sep 11;11:53 PMID: 21906402
  119. Combinations of motor measures more strongly predict adverse health outcomes in old age: the rush memory and aging project, a community-based cohort study.
    BMC Med. 2011 Apr 20;9:42 PMID: 21507235
  120. Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Feb;64(2):234-40 PMID: 17283291
  121. Purpose in life is associated with a reduced risk of incident disability among community-dwelling older persons.
    Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Dec;18(12):1093-102 PMID: 20808115
  122. Impaired olfaction as a marker for cognitive decline: interaction with apolipoprotein E epsilon4 status.
    Neurology. 1999 Oct 22;53(7):1480-7 PMID: 10534255
  123. The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Shanghai, China: impact of age, gender, and education.
    Ann Neurol. 1990 Apr;27(4):428-37 PMID: 2353798
  124. Effect of a purpose in life on risk of incident Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older persons.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;67(3):304-10 PMID: 20194831
  125. Neuroticism, extraversion, and motor function in community-dwelling older persons.
    Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;21(2):145-54 PMID: 23343488
  126. Cerebral infarctions and the likelihood of dementia from Alzheimer disease pathology.
    Neurology. 2004 Apr 13;62(7):1148-55 PMID: 15079015
  127. Cognitive decline in prodromal Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment.
    Arch Neurol. 2011 Mar;68(3):351-6 PMID: 21403020
  128. Loss of motor function in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
    Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 May;11(5):665-76 PMID: 21539487
  129. CR1 is associated with amyloid plaque burden and age-related cognitive decline.
    Ann Neurol. 2011 Mar;69(3):560-9 PMID: 21391232
  130. Progression of parkinsonism and loss of cognitive function in Alzheimer disease.
    Arch Neurol. 2000 Jun;57(6):855-60 PMID: 10867783
  131. The Rush Memory and Aging Project: study design and baseline characteristics of the study cohort.
    Neuroepidemiology. 2005;25(4):163-75 PMID: 16103727
  132. Memory complaints are related to Alzheimer disease pathology in older persons.
    Neurology. 2006 Nov 14;67(9):1581-5 PMID: 17101887
  133. Heritability of different forms of memory in the Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;23(2):249-55 PMID: 20930268
  134. Atherosclerosis and AD: analysis of data from the US National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.
    Neurology. 2005 Feb 8;64(3):494-500 PMID: 15699381
  135. MRI-derived entorhinal volume is a good predictor of conversion from MCI to AD.
    Neurobiol Aging. 2004 Oct;25(9):1197-203 PMID: 15312965
  136. Relation of hemoglobin to level of cognitive function in older persons.
    Neuroepidemiology. 2009;32(1):40-6 PMID: 19001795
  137. Chronic psychological distress and risk of Alzheimer's disease in old age.
    Neuroepidemiology. 2006;27(3):143-53 PMID: 16974109
  138. Cerebral amyloid deposition and diffuse plaques in "normal" aging: Evidence for presymptomatic and very mild Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurology. 1996 Mar;46(3):707-19 PMID: 8618671
  139. Trends in aging--United States and worldwide.
    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Feb 14;52(6):101-4, 106 PMID: 12645839
  140. Physical activity and motor decline in older persons.
    Muscle Nerve. 2007 Mar;35(3):354-62 PMID: 17143881
  141. Parkinsonianlike signs and risk of incident Alzheimer disease in older persons.
    Arch Neurol. 2003 Apr;60(4):539-44 PMID: 12707067
  142. The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment.
    Ann Neurol. 2009 Aug;66(2):200-8 PMID: 19743450
  143. The neuropathology of older persons with and without dementia from community versus clinic cohorts.
    J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;18(3):691-701 PMID: 19749406
  144. White matter changes in mild cognitive impairment and AD: A diffusion tensor imaging study.
    Neurobiol Aging. 2006 May;27(5):663-72 PMID: 16005548
  145. Postmortem MRI of human brain hemispheres: T2 relaxation times during formaldehyde fixation.
    Magn Reson Med. 2009 Apr;61(4):810-8 PMID: 19189294
  146. Hemoglobin level in older persons and incident Alzheimer disease: prospective cohort analysis.
    Neurology. 2011 Jul 19;77(3):219-26 PMID: 21753176
  147. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the relationship between walking speed and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly people.
    J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009 Oct;64(10):1058-65 PMID: 19561146
  148. Mild cognitive impairment: risk of Alzheimer disease and rate of cognitive decline.
    Neurology. 2006 Aug 8;67(3):441-5 PMID: 16894105
  149. Longitudinal cognitive decline is associated with fibrillar amyloid-beta measured by [11C]PiB.
    Neurology. 2010 Mar 9;74(10):807-15 PMID: 20147655
  150. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease.
    Neurology. 1984 Jul;34(7):939-44 PMID: 6610841
  151. Neuropathology of older persons without cognitive impairment from two community-based studies.
    Neurology. 2006 Jun 27;66(12):1837-44 PMID: 16801647
  152. Healthy volunteer effect in a cohort study: temporal resolution in the Adventist Health Study.
    J Clin Epidemiol. 1996 Jul;49(7):783-90 PMID: 8691229
  153. A life course model of cognitive activities, socioeconomic status, education, reading ability, and cognition.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Aug;59(8):1403-11 PMID: 21797830
  154. Cognitive decline and brain volume loss as signatures of cerebral amyloid-beta peptide deposition identified with Pittsburgh compound B: cognitive decline associated with Abeta deposition.
    Arch Neurol. 2009 Dec;66(12):1476-81 PMID: 20008651
  155. Parkinsonian signs and incident falls in older persons without Parkinson's disease.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Jan;58(1):205-6 PMID: 20122072
  156. Influence of late-life cognitive activity on cognitive health.
    Neurology. 2012 Apr 10;78(15):1123-9 PMID: 22491864
  157. Executive function correlates with walking speed in older persons: the InCHIANTI study.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Mar;53(3):410-5 PMID: 15743282
  158. The life-space diary: a measure of mobility in old people at home.
    Int Rehabil Med. 1985;7(4):182-6 PMID: 4093250
  159. Odor identification and mortality in old age.
    Chem Senses. 2011 Jan;36(1):63-7 PMID: 20923931
  160. Functional connectivity variations in mild cognitive impairment: associations with cognitive function.
    J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012 Jan;18(1):39-48 PMID: 22005016
  161. Hippocampal disconnection contributes to memory dysfunction in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 27;103(26):10041-5 PMID: 16785436
  162. Social engagement and cognitive function in old age.
    Exp Aging Res. 2009 Jan-Mar;35(1):45-60 PMID: 19173101
  163. Physical frailty is associated with incident mild cognitive impairment in community-based older persons.
    J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Feb;58(2):248-55 PMID: 20070417
  164. Neuropathologic features of amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
    Arch Neurol. 2006 May;63(5):665-72 PMID: 16682536
  165. Neuropathology of cognitively normal elderly.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2003 Nov;62(11):1087-95 PMID: 14656067
  166. Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect.
    Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Aug;151(8):1132-6 PMID: 8037246
  167. Cognitive activities during adulthood are more important than education in building reserve.
    J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011 Jul;17(4):615-24 PMID: 23131600
  168. Incidental and intentional recall in Parkinson's disease: an account based on diminished attentional resources.
    J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1993 Sep;15(5):713-31 PMID: 8276931
  169. Diabetes and function in different cognitive systems in older individuals without dementia.
    Diabetes Care. 2006 Mar;29(3):560-5 PMID: 16505506
  170. Decision rules guiding the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in two community-based cohort studies compared to standard practice in a clinic-based cohort study.
    Neuroepidemiology. 2006;27(3):169-76 PMID: 17035694
  171. Functional links between Aβ toxicity, endocytic trafficking, and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in yeast.
    Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1241-5 PMID: 22033521
  172. Total daily activity measured with actigraphy and motor function in community-dwelling older persons with and without dementia.
    Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2012 Jul-Sep;26(3):238-45 PMID: 21946015
  173. A 10-item smell identification scale related to risk for Alzheimer's disease.
    Ann Neurol. 2005 Jul;58(1):155-60 PMID: 15984022
  174. Where vascular meets neurodegenerative disease.
    Stroke. 2010 Oct;41(10 Suppl):S144-6 PMID: 20876491
  175. Individual differences in rates of change in cognitive abilities of older persons.
    Psychol Aging. 2002 Jun;17(2):179-93 PMID: 12061405
  176. Defining molecular targets to prevent Alzheimer disease.
    Arch Neurol. 2005 Feb;62(2):192-5 PMID: 15710846
  177. Alzheimer neuropathologic alterations in aged cognitively normal subjects.
    J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1999 Apr;58(4):376-88 PMID: 10218633
  178. The relationship between specific cognitive functions and falls in aging.
    Neuropsychology. 2007 Sep;21(5):540-8 PMID: 17784802
  179. Visuoperceptual repetition priming and progression of parkinsonian signs in aging.
    Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Mar;30(3):441-9 PMID: 17709154
  180. Frailty is associated with incident Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline in the elderly.
    Psychosom Med. 2007 Jun;69(5):483-9 PMID: 17556640
  181. Relation of late-life social activity with incident disability among community-dwelling older adults.
    J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Apr;66(4):467-73 PMID: 21300745
  182. Telephone assessment of cognitive function in the late-onset Alzheimer's disease family study.
    Arch Neurol. 2010 Jul;67(7):855-61 PMID: 20625093
  183. The relationship between cerebral Alzheimer's disease pathology and odour identification in old age.
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;78(1):30-5 PMID: 17012338
  184. Explaining differences in episodic memory performance among older African Americans and Whites: the roles of factors related to cognitive reserve and test bias.
    J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011 Jul;17(4):625-38 PMID: 23131601
  185. Total daily activity is associated with cognition in older persons.
    Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 Aug;16(8):697-701 PMID: 18669949
  186. Apolipoprotein E e4 allele is associated with more rapid motor decline in older persons.
    Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009 Jan-Mar;23(1):63-9 PMID: 19266700
  187. Proneness to psychological distress is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease.
    Neurology. 2003 Dec 9;61(11):1479-85 PMID: 14663028
  188. Assessment and familial aggregation of psychosis in Alzheimer's disease from the National Institute on Aging Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Family Study.
    Brain. 2010 Apr;133(Pt 4):1155-62 PMID: 20147454
  189. Late-life social activity and cognitive decline in old age.
    J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011 Nov;17(6):998-1005 PMID: 22040898
  190. Visuospatial judgment. A clinical test.
    Arch Neurol. 1978 Jun;35(6):364-7 PMID: 655909
  191. A measure of primary sociobiological functions.
    Int J Health Serv. 1976;6(3):493-508 PMID: 133997
  192. Functional screening of Alzheimer pathology genome-wide association signals in Drosophila.
    Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Feb 11;88(2):232-8 PMID: 21295279
  193. The CETP I405V polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.
    Aging Cell. 2012 Apr;11(2):228-33 PMID: 22122979
  194. Increased fragmentation of rest-activity patterns is associated with a characteristic pattern of cognitive impairment in older individuals.
    Sleep. 2012 May 01;35(5):633-40B PMID: 22547889
  195. Neuropathologic substrate of mild cognitive impairment.
    Arch Neurol. 2006 Jan;63(1):38-46 PMID: 16401735
  196. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease.
    Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):263-9 PMID: 21514250
  197. Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations (CAPIT).
    Mov Disord. 1992;7(1):2-13 PMID: 1557062
  198. Diabetes and parkinsonian signs in older persons.
    Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2007 Apr-Jun;21(2):144-9 PMID: 17545740
  199. Inverse relationship between education and parietotemporal perfusion deficit in Alzheimer's disease.
    Ann Neurol. 1992 Sep;32(3):371-5 PMID: 1416806
  200. Reducing case ascertainment costs in U.S. population studies of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive impairment-Part 1.
    Alzheimers Dement. 2011 Jan;7(1):94-109 PMID: 21255747
  201. Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset.
    Am J Public Health. 1998 Sep;88(9):1337-42 PMID: 9736873
  202. Effect of purpose in life on the relation between Alzheimer disease pathologic changes on cognitive function in advanced age.
    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012 May;69(5):499-505 PMID: 22566582
  203. Education, cognitive function, and severity of neuropathology in Alzheimer disease.
    Neurology. 2008 May 6;70(19 Pt 2):1732-9 PMID: 18160675
  204. Neuropathological associates of multiple cognitive functions in two community-based cohorts of older adults.
    J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011 Jul;17(4):602-14 PMID: 21092373
  205. Development of the 12-item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT).
    Laryngoscope. 1996 Mar;106(3 Pt 1):353-6 PMID: 8614203
  206. A genome-wide scan for common variants affecting the rate of age-related cognitive decline.
    Neurobiol Aging. 2012 May;33(5):1017.e1-15 PMID: 22054870
  207. Clinical epidemiology of endocrine disorders in the elderly.
    Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1997 Mar;26(1):145-63 PMID: 9074857
  208. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease.
    Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):280-92 PMID: 21514248
  209. Making the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A primer for practicing pathologists.
    Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1993 Feb;117(2):132-44 PMID: 8427562
  210. Loneliness and the rate of motor decline in old age: the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a community-based cohort study.
    BMC Geriatr. 2010 Oct 22;10:77 PMID: 20969786
  211. Prognostic assessment of ovarian reserve.
    Fertil Steril. 1995 Jan;63(1):1-11 PMID: 7805895
  212. AD lesions and infarcts in demented and non-demented Japanese-American men.
    Ann Neurol. 2005 Jan;57(1):98-103 PMID: 15562458
  213. Pathological correlates of late-onset dementia in a multicentre, community-based population in England and Wales. Neuropathology Group of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS).
    Lancet. 2001 Jan 20;357(9251):169-75 PMID: 11213093
  214. Neural intrinsic connectivity networks associated with risk aversion in old age.
    Behav Brain Res. 2012 Feb 1;227(1):233-40 PMID: 22044475
  215. Sources of variability in estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the United States.
    Alzheimers Dement. 2011 Jan;7(1):74-9 PMID: 21255745
Article Info
Journal
Current Alzheimer research
Abbr.
Curr Alzheimer Res
ISSN
1875-5828
Published
2012-07-00
Pages
646-63
Language
English
Region
United Arab Emirates
NLM ID
101208441
PMCID
PMC3439198
Subset
IM
Grants
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG33678 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG24871 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG024480 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R21 AG030765 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG26916 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG033678 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · K23AG23040 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG22018 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG15819 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG022018 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG034374 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · K23 AG023040 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG026916 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG015819 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R21AG30765 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG024871 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01 AG017917 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG17917 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG34374 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · R01AG24480 · United States
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]