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PMID: 23633962 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Genetic requirements for signaling from an autoactive plant NB-LRR intracellular innate immune receptor.

PLoS genetics ·Vol. 9 ·No. 4 ·2013-00-00 ·Pages e1003465

Roberts M, Tang S, Stallmann A, Dangl JL, Bonardi V

Abstract

Plants react to pathogen attack via recognition of, and response to, pathogen-specific molecules at the cell surface and inside the cell. Pathogen effectors (virulence factors) are monitored by intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) sensor proteins in plants and mammals. Here, we study the genetic requirements for defense responses of an autoactive mutant of ADR1-L2, an Arabidopsis coiled-coil (CC)-NB-LRR protein. ADR1-L2 functions upstream of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in several defense contexts, and it can act in this context as a "helper" to transduce specific microbial activation signals from "sensor" NB-LRRs. This helper activity does not require an intact P-loop. ADR1-L2 and another of two closely related members of this small NB-LRR family are also required for propagation of unregulated runaway cell death (rcd) in an lsd1 mutant. We demonstrate here that, in this particular context, ADR1-L2 function is P-loop dependent. We generated an autoactive missense mutation, ADR1-L2D484V, in a small homology motif termed MHD. Expression of ADR1-L2D848V leads to dwarfed plants that exhibit increased disease resistance and constitutively high SA levels. The morphological phenotype also requires an intact P-loop, suggesting that these ADR1-L2D484V phenotypes reflect canonical activation of this NB-LRR protein. We used ADR1-L2D484V to define genetic requirements for signaling. Signaling from ADR1-L2D484V does not require NADPH oxidase and is negatively regulated by EDS1 and AtMC1. Transcriptional regulation of ADR1-L2D484V is correlated with its phenotypic outputs; these outputs are both SA-dependent and -independent. The genetic requirements for ADR1-L2D484V activity resemble those that regulate an SA-gradient-dependent signal amplification of defense and cell death signaling initially observed in the absence of LSD1. Importantly, ADR1-L2D484V autoactivation signaling is controlled by both EDS1 and SA in separable, but linked pathways. These data allows us to propose a genetic model that provides insight into an SA-dependent feedback regulation loop, which, surprisingly, includes ADR1-L2.

MeSH Terms
Arabidopsis/genetics,immunology Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics,metabolism Cell Death/genetics DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics,metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Immunity, Innate/genetics Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins Mutation, Missense Nuclear Proteins/genetics Plant Diseases/genetics,immunology Plant Immunity Proteins/genetics Salicylic Acid/metabolism Signal Transduction
Chemicals
ADR1 protein, Arabidopsis Arabidopsis Proteins DNA-Binding Proteins EDS1 protein, Arabidopsis Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins Nuclear Proteins Proteins RCD1 protein, Arabidopsis Salicylic Acid
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Roberts Melinda
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Tang Saijun
Stallmann Anna
Dangl Jeffery L
Bonardi Vera
Conflict of Interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Article Info
Journal
PLoS genetics
Abbr.
PLoS Genet
ISSN
1553-7404
DOI
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003465
Published
2013-00-00
Epub
2013-00-25
Pages
e1003465
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101239074
PMCID
PMC3636237
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM057171 · United States
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003465 PMC Full Text View journal details
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