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PMID: 29867371 Published · epublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

PV Interneurons: Critical Regulators of E/I Balance for Prefrontal Cortex-Dependent Behavior and Psychiatric Disorders.

Frontiers in neural circuits ·Vol. 12 ·2018-00-00 ·Pages 37

Ferguson BR, Gao WJ

Abstract

Elucidating the prefrontal cortical microcircuit has been challenging, given its role in multiple complex behaviors, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, attention, social interaction and emotional regulation. Additionally, previous methodological limitations made it difficult to parse out the contribution of certain neuronal subpopulations in refining cortical representations. However, growing evidence supports a fundamental role of fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) GABAergic interneurons in regulating pyramidal neuron activity to drive appropriate behavioral responses. Further, their function is heavily diminished in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in numerous psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and autism. Previous research has demonstrated the importance of the optimal balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I) in cortical circuits in maintaining the efficiency of cortical information processing. Although we are still unraveling the mechanisms of information representation in the PFC, the E/I balance seems to be crucial, as pharmacological, chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches for disrupting E/I balance induce impairments in a range of PFC-dependent behaviors. In this review, we will explore two key hypotheses. First, PV interneurons are powerful regulators of E/I balance in the PFC, and help optimize the representation and processing of supramodal information in PFC. Second, diminishing the function of PV interneurons is sufficient to generate an elaborate symptom sequelae corresponding to those observed in a range of psychiatric diseases. Then, using this framework, we will speculate on whether this circuitry could represent a platform for the development of therapeutic interventions in disorders of PFC function.

Keywords
GABA PV interneurons cognition excitation/inhibition balance prefrontal cortex psychiatric disorders
MeSH Terms
Animals Humans Interneurons/physiology Memory, Short-Term/physiology Mental Disorders/physiopathology Nerve Net/physiology,physiopathology Prefrontal Cortex/physiology,physiopathology Synaptic Transmission/physiology
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ferguson Brielle R
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States. | Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Gao Wen-Jun
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Article Info
Journal
Frontiers in neural circuits
Abbr.
Front Neural Circuits
ISSN
1662-5110
DOI
10.3389/fncir.2018.00037
Published
2018-00-00
Epub
2018-00-16
Pages
37
Language
English
Region
Switzerland
NLM ID
101477940
PMCID
PMC5964203
Subset
IM
Grants
NIMH NIH HHS · F31 MH111361 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R01 MH085666 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · R21 MH111609 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00037 PMC Full Text View journal details
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