Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 6083562 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The retrovirus pol gene encodes a product required for DNA integration: identification of a retrovirus int locus.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 81 ·No. 24 ·1984-12-00 ·Pages 7885-9

Panganiban AT, Temin HM

Abstract

We mutagenized cloned spleen necrosis virus DNA to identify a region of the retrovirus genome encoding a polypeptide required for integration of viral DNA. Five plasmids bearing different lesions in the 3' end of the pol gene were examined for the ability to integrate or replicate following transfection of chicken embryo fibroblasts. Transfection with one of these DNAs resulted in the generation of mutant virus incapable of integrating but able to replicate at low levels; this phenotype is identical to that of mutants bearing alterations in the cis-acting region, att. To determine whether the 3' end of the pol gene encodes a protein that interacts with att, we did a complementation experiment. Cells were first infected with an att- virus and then superinfected with the integration-deficient virus containing a lesion in the pol gene and a wild-type att site. The results showed that the att- virus provided a transacting function allowing integration of viral DNA derived from the mutant bearing a wild-type att site. Thus, the 3' end of the pol gene serves as an "int" locus and encodes a protein mediating integration of retrovirus DNA through interaction with att.

MeSH Terms
Animals Base Sequence Cell Transformation, Viral Chick Embryo DNA Replication DNA Restriction Enzymes DNA, Viral/genetics Fibroblasts Genes Genetic Complementation Test Genotype Mutation Plasmids RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism Retroviridae/genetics Transfection
Chemicals
DNA, Viral RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase DNA Restriction Enzymes
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Panganiban A T
Temin H M
References (42)
42 references, click to expand
  1. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses.
    Nature. 1970 Jun 27;226(5252):1209-11 PMID: 4316300
  2. Nucleic acid sequences of the oncogene v-rel in reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T and its cellular homolog, the proto-oncogene c-rel.
    J Virol. 1984 Oct;52(1):172-82 PMID: 6090694
  3. Association of viral reverse transcriptase with an enzyme degrading the RNA moiety of RNA-DNA hybrids.
    Nat New Biol. 1971 Dec 22;234(51):240-3 PMID: 4331605
  4. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of RNA tumor viruses. I. Directing influence of DNA in the reaction.
    J Virol. 1972 Jan;9(1):116-29 PMID: 4333538
  5. Lack of serological relationship among DNA polymerases of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, reticuloendotheliosis viruses, and chicken cells.
    J Virol. 1973 Sep;12(3):440-8 PMID: 4127028
  6. DNA polymerase of murine sarcoma-leukemia virus: lack of detectable RNase H and low activity with viral RNA and natural DNA templates.
    J Virol. 1973 Dec;12(6):1512-21 PMID: 4357518
  7. Studies on the reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Structural relatedness of two subunits of avian RNA tumor viruses.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Dec;71(12):4991-4 PMID: 4140514
  8. Covalently closed circular DNA of avian sarcoma virus: purification from nuclei of infected quail tumor cells and measurement by electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis.
    J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 15;106(2):337-57 PMID: 185393
  9. Formation and structure of infectious DNA of spleen necrosis virus.
    J Virol. 1977 Jan;21(1):119-30 PMID: 556779
  10. Virus-specific DNA in the cytoplasm of avian sarcoma virus-infected cells is a precursor to covalently closed circular viral DNA in the nucleus.
    J Virol. 1978 Jan;25(1):104-4 PMID: 202729
  11. Amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the major structural polypeptides of avian retroviruses: sequence homology between reticuloendotheliosis virus p30 and p30s of mammalian retroviruses.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2708-12 PMID: 208072
  12. A 32,000-dalton nucleic acid-binding protein from avian retravirus cores possesses DNA endonuclease activity.
    Virology. 1978 Aug;89(1):119-32 PMID: 210568
  13. Mapping unintegrated avian sarcoma virus DNA: termini of linear DNA bear 300 nucleotides present once or twice in two species of circular DNA.
    Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1383-95 PMID: 215324
  14. Endonuclease activity of purified RNA-directed DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Mar 10;254(5):1606-13 PMID: 83998
  15. Restriction endonuclease cleavage of linear and closed circular murine leukemia viral DNAs: discovery of a smaller circular form.
    Cell. 1979 Feb;16(2):323-32 PMID: 455438
  16. DNA endonucleases associated with the avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jun;76(6):2659-63 PMID: 223153
  17. Avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses: evolutionary linkage with mammalian type C retroviruses.
    J Virol. 1979 May;30(2):508-14 PMID: 89204
  18. Unusual features in the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone derived from the common region of avian sarcoma virus messenger RNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jan;77(1):176-80 PMID: 6244542
  19. Specific antigenic relationships between the RNA-dependent DNA polymerases of avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses and mammalian type C retroviruses.
    J Virol. 1980 Apr;34(1):168-77 PMID: 6154804
  20. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages.
    Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499-560 PMID: 6246368
  21. Sequence of retrovirus provirus resembles that of bacterial transposable elements.
    Nature. 1980 Jun 19;285(5766):550-4 PMID: 6250038
  22. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney leukemia virus: 3' end reveals details of replications, analogy to bacterial transposons, and an unexpected gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3302-6 PMID: 6251454
  23. Structure of Moloney murine leukemia viral DNA: nucleotide sequence of the 5' long terminal repeat and adjacent cellular sequences.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3307-11 PMID: 6251455
  24. Nucleotide sequences of integrated Moloney sarcoma provirus long terminal repeats and their host and viral junctions.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3937-41 PMID: 6254003
  25. Purification and properties of DNA endonucleases associated with Friend leukemia virus.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Nov 11;8(21):5043-55 PMID: 6255441
  26. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of avian retroviruses: structural similarities with transposable elements.
    Cell. 1980 Nov;22(2 Pt 2):379-86 PMID: 6256079
  27. Nucleotide sequences at host-proviral junctions for mouse mammary tumour virus.
    Nature. 1981 Jan 22;289(5795):253-8 PMID: 6256658
  28. Nucleotide sequence of acceptor site and termini of integrated avian endogenous provirus ev1: integration creates a 6 bp repeat of host DNA.
    Cell. 1981 Jan;23(1):155-64 PMID: 6260371
  29. Regulatory and coding potential of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal redundancy.
    J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):226-38 PMID: 6260976
  30. Endodeoxyribonuclease activity associated with Rauscher murine leukemia virus.
    J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):274-83 PMID: 6260982
  31. No apparent nucleotide sequence specificity in cellular DNA juxtaposed to retrovirus proviruses.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7357-61 PMID: 6261252
  32. Molecular cloning and partial characterization of unintegrated linear DNA from gibbon ape leukemia virus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4213-7 PMID: 6270662
  33. A Rous sarcoma virus provirus is flanked by short direct repeats of a cellular DNA sequence present in only one copy prior to integration.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4299-303 PMID: 6270669
  34. Complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus genome.
    Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):445-50 PMID: 6170110
  35. Nucleotide sequence of the genome of a murine sarcoma virus.
    Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):97-108 PMID: 6173134
  36. Mechanism of release of the avian rotavirus tRNATrp primer molecule from viral DNA by ribonuclease H during reverse transcription.
    Cell. 1982 Oct;30(3):797-805 PMID: 6183006
  37. Encapsidation sequences for spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus, are between the 5' long terminal repeat and the start of the gag gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):5986-90 PMID: 6310558
  38. The terminal nucleotides of retrovirus DNA are required for integration but not virus production.
    Nature. 1983 Nov 10-16;306(5939):155-60 PMID: 6316141
  39. Selective cleavage in the avian retroviral long terminal repeat sequence by the endonuclease associated with the alpha beta form of avian reverse transcriptase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Nov;80(22):6745-9 PMID: 6196775
  40. Circles with two tandem LTRs are precursors to integrated retrovirus DNA.
    Cell. 1984 Mar;36(3):673-9 PMID: 6697392
  41. Expression from an internal AUG codon of herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene inserted in a retrovirus vector.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Apr;4(4):743-8 PMID: 6325894
  42. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of Rous sarcoma virus.
    Nature. 1970 Jun 27;226(5252):1211-3 PMID: 4316301
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.81.24.7885
Published
1984-12-00
Pages
7885-9
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC392257
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7885 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2