Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 7106755 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

The central localization of the small and early replicating chromosomes in human diploid metaphase figures.

Human genetics ·Vol. 60 ·No. 3 ·1982-00-00 ·Pages 249-56

Hens L, Kirsch-Volders M, Verschaeve L, Susanne C

Abstract

Centromere-center distances are analyzed in 700 metaphase plates, which belong to four different samples. The descriptive analysis of the chromosome distribution shows that smaller, earlier replicating, genet-dense chromosomes are preferentially found near the metaphase plate center, surrounded by longer chromosomes which finish their replication rather late during S phase. This general pattern is highly constant in diploid metaphase samples and independent of sex, culture time, and number of individuals used in the sample. There is accumulating evidence that this overall distribution is not the result of technical artifacts. The metaphase plate data are complementary to the concept of an interphase nucleus structure in which late-replicating, genetically less active chromatin is accumulated at the periphery of the nucleus, while other, earlier replicating chromatin is connected with the intranuclear matrix. Although the currently available data should not be overinterpreted, an extension of the "bodyguard" hypothesis, which was suggested for C heterochromatin, provides a functional interpretation for these data: The peripherally localized, late-replicating genetic material protects the centrally localized euchromatin against mutagens, clastogens, and maybe also against viruses.

MeSH Terms
Adult Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure Centromere Chromatin Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure DNA Replication Euchromatin Female Genes Heterochromatin Humans Lymphocytes/ultrastructure Male Metaphase Middle Aged
Chemicals
Chromatin Euchromatin Heterochromatin
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Hens L
Kirsch-Volders M
Verschaeve L
Susanne C
References (43)
43 references, click to expand
  1. The rationale for an ordered arrangement of chromatin in the interphase nucleus.
    Am J Hum Genet. 1968 Sep;20(5):440-60 PMID: 5701616
  2. [Spatial distribution of human chromosomes during the prometaphase et metaphase].
    Pathol Biol (Paris). 1971 Aug-Sep;19(15):705-11 PMID: 4942501
  3. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of chromosome 1.
    Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1979;25(1-4):9-20 PMID: 396131
  4. The influence of culture method on the satellite association pattern in human lymphocytes: macroculture versus microculture.
    Hereditas. 1970;66(1):31-4 PMID: 5525816
  5. [The significance of association of satellited chromosomes].
    Humangenetik. 1969;7(1):9-21 PMID: 4238958
  6. Spatial relations of human chromosomes identified by quinacrine fluorescence at metaphase. I. Mean interchromosomal distances and distances from the cell center.
    Humangenetik. 1973;18(4):297-306 PMID: 4125990
  7. Rapid processing of primary embryonic tissues for chromosome banding pattern analysis.
    Cytogenetics. 1972;11(5):424-35 PMID: 4119111
  8. Arrangement of chromosomes in human cells. II. Distribution in metaphase figures.
    Bull Acad Pol Sci Biol. 1966;14(6):401-4 PMID: 5954985
  9. Stability of centromere-center distances in normal human metaphases.
    Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1977;18(2):61-74 PMID: 862432
  10. Effect of sex, age and cultivation time on number of satellites and acrocentric associations in man.
    Humangenetik. 1975 Oct 7;29(4):265-70 PMID: 1176142
  11. Chromosome distribution in a23 Chinese hamster fibroblasts.
    Chromosoma. 1976 Sep 10;57(3):205-17 PMID: 1001138
  12. Arrangement of chromatin in the nucleus.
    Hum Genet. 1980 Feb;53(2):131-43 PMID: 6987157
  13. Definitive evidence for the short arm of the Y chromosome associating with the X chromosome during miosis in the human male.
    Nature. 1970 Jun 6;226(5249):959-61 PMID: 4192296
  14. Quantitative studies on the arrangement of human metaphase chromosomes. II. Influence of the preparation technique on the association pattern of the acrocentric chromosomes.
    Cytogenetics. 1969;8(5):304-14 PMID: 4899235
  15. Rabl's model of the interphase chromosome arrangement tested in Chinese hamster cells by premature chromosome condensation and laser-UV-microbeam experiments.
    Hum Genet. 1982;60(1):46-56 PMID: 7076247
  16. Chromosome distribution studies in XXY karyotypes.
    J Med Genet. 1982 Feb;19(1):57-62 PMID: 7069748
  17. Satellite association frequency and number of nucleoli depend on cell cycle duration and NOR-activity. Studies on first, second, and third mitoses of lymphocyte cultures.
    Hum Genet. 1979;50(1):81-91 PMID: 468262
  18. The internal order of the interphase nucleus.
    Humangenetik. 1974;25(4):265-97 PMID: 4464236
  19. A possible function of constitutive heterochromatin: the bodyguard hypothesis.
    Genetics. 1975 Jun;79 Suppl:137-50 PMID: 1150080
  20. Dynamic association of replicating DNA fragments with the nuclear matrix of regenerating liver.
    Exp Cell Res. 1981 Mar;132(1):1-13 PMID: 7202556
  21. The phenomenon of premature chromosome condensation: its relevance to basic and applied research.
    Humangenetik. 1974;23(4):235-58 PMID: 4138742
  22. Persistence of nucleoli in short term and long term cell cultures and in direct bone marrow preparations in mammalian materials.
    J Cell Biol. 1966 Dec;31(3):543-61 PMID: 5971647
  23. Chromosome preparations of leukocytes cultured from human peripheral blood.
    Exp Cell Res. 1960 Sep;20:613-6 PMID: 13772379
  24. Laser UV microirradiation of interphase nuclei and post-treatment with caffeine. A new approach to establish the arrangement of interphase chromosomes.
    Hum Genet. 1976 Dec 29;35(1):83-9 PMID: 1002167
  25. The analysis of chromosome patterns in the normal cell.
    Ann Hum Genet. 1962 May;25:323-9 PMID: 13865480
  26. Position of chromosomes in the human interphase nucleus. An analysis of nonhomologous chromatid translocations in lymphocyte cultures after Trenimon treatment and from patients with Fanconi's anemia and Bloom's syndrome.
    Hum Genet. 1982;61(4):342-56 PMID: 7152519
  27. The position of chromosomes at metaphase in human fibroblasts and their DNA synthesis behaviour.
    Chromosoma. 1969;27(3):308-20 PMID: 5365540
  28. Patterns of association in the human metaphase complement: ring analysis and estimation of associativity of specific chromosome regions.
    Hum Genet. 1978 Feb 23;41(1):19-34 PMID: 631858
  29. On the position of chromosomes in prepared mitosis figures of human fibroblasts.
    Humangenetik. 1971;13(2):166-70 PMID: 5114672
  30. In vitro alteration of association patterns of human acrocentric chromosomes.
    Humangenetik. 1971;11(2):146-54 PMID: 4100467
  31. Satellite association in human lymphocytes and sodium citrate concentration of hypotonic (spreading) solution.
    Can J Genet Cytol. 1971 Mar;13(1):115-8 PMID: 4935195
  32. Metaphase chromosome associations: Colcemid distorts the pattern.
    Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1980;27(2-3):98-110 PMID: 7398376
  33. Arrangement of prematurely condensed chromosomes in cultured cells and lymphocytes of the Indian muntjac.
    Chromosoma. 1981;83(4):541-53 PMID: 7273958
  34. Quantitative studies on the arrangement of human metaphase chromosomes. VIII. Localization of homologous chromosomes.
    Hum Genet. 1982;60(3):239-48 PMID: 7106754
  35. Distribution of human chromosomes on the metaphase plate using banding techniques.
    Hum Genet. 1977 Nov 2;39(1):39-61 PMID: 924444
  36. NON-RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF CHROMOSOMES IN METAPHASE FIGURES FROM CULTURED HUMAN LEUCOCYTES. I. THE PERIPHERAL LOCATION OF THE Y CHROMOSOME.
    Cytogenetics. 1963;2:1-14 PMID: 14042835
  37. DNA content and DNA-based centromeric index of the 24 human chromosomes.
    Science. 1973 Mar 16;179(4078):1126-9 PMID: 4120257
  38. [Non-random position of homologous chromosomes (no. 9 and YY) in interphase nuclei of human fibroblasts (author's transl)].
    Humangenetik. 1975;27(2):111-8 PMID: 50271
  39. Non random position of metaphasic chromosomes: a study of radiation induced and constitutional chromosome rearrangements.
    Hum Genet. 1981;59(3):208-10 PMID: 7327582
  40. [Study of the general distribution of the 46 chromosomes in human cells in metaphase].
    Humangenetik. 1968;6(2):118-30 PMID: 5704430
  41. In vitro alteration of satellite association and nucleolar persistence in mitotic human lymphocytes.
    Cytogenetics. 1970;9(1):42-51 PMID: 5412046
  42. The relative positions of the chromosomes in the human cell in mitosis.
    Ann Hum Genet. 1965 Nov;29(2):139-46 PMID: 5863837
  43. NON-RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF CHROMOSOMES IN METAPHASE FIGURES FROM CULTURED HUMAN LEUCOCYTES. II. THE PERIPHERAL LOCATION OF CHROMOSOMES 13, 17-18 AND 21.
    Cytogenetics. 1963;2:152-67 PMID: 14099758
Article Info
Journal
Human genetics
Abbr.
Hum Genet
ISSN
0340-6717
DOI
10.1007/BF00303012
Published
1982-00-00
Pages
249-56
Language
English
Region
Germany
NLM ID
7613873
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00303012 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2