Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 7835340 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Characterization of rho GTPase family homologues in Drosophila melanogaster: overexpressing Rho1 in retinal cells causes a late developmental defect.

The EMBO journal ·Vol. 14 ·No. 2 ·1995-01-16 ·Pages 292-302

Hariharan IK, Hu KQ, Asha H, Quintanilla A, Ezzell RM, Settleman J

Abstract

The rho family of GTPases has been implicated in regulating changes in cell morphology in response to extracellular signals. We have cloned three widely expressed members of this family from Drosophila melanogaster; a rho homologue (Rho1) and two rac homologues (Rac1 and Rac2). Flies harbouring a Rho1 transgene that is specifically expressed in the eye exhibit a dramatic dose dependent disruption of normal eye development. Flies bearing at least two copies of the transgene display a severe rough eye phenotype characterized by missing secondary and tertiary pigment cells, a substantial reduction in the number of photoreceptor cells and a grossly abnormal morphology of the rhabdomeres. Cell fate determination in the imaginal disc occurs normally and abnormalities become manifest late in pupariation, coincident with the phase when the cells undergo major morphological changes. This phenotype is modified by mutations at several other loci that have been implicated in signal transduction, but not by mutations in ras pathway components.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals Animals, Genetically Modified Base Sequence Cloning, Molecular DNA, Complementary Drosophila Proteins Drosophila melanogaster/embryology,enzymology Fungal Proteins/genetics,physiology GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics,physiology GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics,physiology Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Humans Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Molecular Sequence Data Phenotype Retina/embryology,enzymology,ultrastructure Sequence Homology, Amino Acid rho GTP-Binding Proteins
Chemicals
DNA, Complementary Drosophila Proteins Fungal Proteins GTP Phosphohydrolases GTP-Binding Proteins Rho1 protein, Drosophila rho GTP-Binding Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Hariharan I K
MGH Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129.
Hu K Q
Asha H
Quintanilla A
Ezzell R M
Settleman J
References (55)
55 references, click to expand
  1. The cellular functions of small GTP-binding proteins.
    Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):635-40 PMID: 2116664
  2. seven in absentia, a gene required for specification of R7 cell fate in the Drosophila eye.
    Cell. 1990 Nov 2;63(3):561-77 PMID: 2146028
  3. The GTPase superfamily: a conserved switch for diverse cell functions.
    Nature. 1990 Nov 8;348(6297):125-32 PMID: 2122258
  4. Transvection and long-distance gene regulation.
    Bioessays. 1990 Sep;12(9):409-14 PMID: 1979484
  5. The Drosophila gastrulation gene concertina encodes a G alpha-like protein.
    Cell. 1991 Jan 25;64(2):447-58 PMID: 1899050
  6. Ras1 and a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor perform crucial steps in signaling by the sevenless protein tyrosine kinase.
    Cell. 1991 Nov 15;67(4):701-16 PMID: 1934068
  7. The Drosophila roughened mutation: activation of a rap homolog disrupts eye development and interferes with cell determination.
    Cell. 1991 Nov 15;67(4):717-22 PMID: 1934069
  8. Catalysis of guanine nucleotide exchange on the CDC42Hs protein by the dbl oncogene product.
    Nature. 1991 Nov 28;354(6351):311-4 PMID: 1956381
  9. Regulation of phagocyte oxygen radical production by the GTP-binding protein Rac 2.
    Science. 1991 Dec 6;254(5037):1512-5 PMID: 1660188
  10. Making a difference: the role of cell-cell interactions in establishing separate identities for equivalent cells.
    Cell. 1992 Jan 24;68(2):271-81 PMID: 1365402
  11. The Son of sevenless gene product: a putative activator of Ras.
    Science. 1992 Jan 31;255(5044):603-6 PMID: 1736363
  12. Signalling by the sevenless protein tyrosine kinase is mimicked by Ras1 activation.
    Nature. 1992 Feb 6;355(6360):559-61 PMID: 1311054
  13. A putative Ras GTPase activating protein acts as a negative regulator of signaling by the Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase.
    Cell. 1992 Mar 20;68(6):1007-19 PMID: 1547500
  14. The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors.
    Cell. 1992 Aug 7;70(3):389-99 PMID: 1643657
  15. The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling.
    Cell. 1992 Aug 7;70(3):401-10 PMID: 1643658
  16. Transposition of cloned P elements into Drosophila germ line chromosomes.
    Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):341-7 PMID: 6289435
  17. Genetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable element vectors.
    Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):348-53 PMID: 6289436
  18. Neuronal development in the Drosophila retina: monoclonal antibodies as molecular probes.
    Cell. 1984 Jan;36(1):15-26 PMID: 6420071
  19. Characterization of two members of the rho gene family from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Feb;84(3):779-83 PMID: 3543936
  20. Sevenless, a cell-specific homeotic gene of Drosophila, encodes a putative transmembrane receptor with a tyrosine kinase domain.
    Science. 1987 Apr 3;236(4797):55-63 PMID: 2882603
  21. ras genes.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:779-827 PMID: 3304147
  22. Disconnected: a locus required for neuronal pathway formation in the visual system of Drosophila.
    Cell. 1987 Sep 25;50(7):1139-53 PMID: 3113740
  23. The locus elav of Drosophila melanogaster is expressed in neurons at all developmental stages.
    Dev Biol. 1988 Apr;126(2):294-303 PMID: 3127258
  24. Coding sequence of human rho cDNAs clone 6 and clone 9.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Mar 25;16(6):2717 PMID: 3283705
  25. The Drosophila EGF receptor homolog (DER) gene is allelic to faint little ball, a locus essential for embryonic development.
    Cell. 1989 Mar 24;56(6):1093-104 PMID: 2924351
  26. Characterization and expression of the human rhoH12 gene product.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1989 May;9(5):2058-66 PMID: 2501657
  27. The glass gene encodes a zinc-finger protein required by Drosophila photoreceptor cells.
    Nature. 1989 Aug 17;340(6234):531-6 PMID: 2770860
  28. The Drosophila zeste gene and transvection.
    Trends Genet. 1989 Jun;5(6):189-94 PMID: 2505416
  29. A non-radioactive in situ hybridization method for the localization of specific RNAs in Drosophila embryos reveals translational control of the segmentation gene hunchback.
    Chromosoma. 1989 Aug;98(2):81-5 PMID: 2476281
  30. rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum toxin substrates.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 5;264(28):16378-82 PMID: 2674130
  31. The emergence of order in the Drosophila pupal retina.
    Dev Biol. 1989 Dec;136(2):346-62 PMID: 2511048
  32. Monoclonal antibody probes discriminate early and late mutant defects in development of the Drosophila retina.
    Dev Biol. 1989 Dec;136(2):411-29 PMID: 2511049
  33. The tramtrack gene encodes a Drosophila finger protein that interacts with the ftz transcriptional regulatory region and shows a novel embryonic expression pattern.
    EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):207-16 PMID: 2104801
  34. Differential splicing generates a nervous system-specific form of Drosophila neuroglian.
    Neuron. 1990 May;4(5):697-709 PMID: 1693086
  35. The homeo domain protein rough is expressed in a subset of cells in the developing Drosophila eye where it can specify photoreceptor cell subtype.
    Genes Dev. 1990 May;4(5):712-27 PMID: 1974228
  36. Negative control of photoreceptor development in Drosophila by the product of the yan gene, an ETS domain protein.
    Cell. 1992 Aug 21;70(4):609-20 PMID: 1505027
  37. Association between GTPase activators for Rho and Ras families.
    Nature. 1992 Sep 10;359(6391):153-4 PMID: 1522900
  38. Raf functions downstream of Ras1 in the Sevenless signal transduction pathway.
    Nature. 1992 Dec 10;360(6404):600-3 PMID: 1461284
  39. Analysis of subtelomeric heterochromatin in the Drosophila minichromosome Dp1187 by single P element insertional mutagenesis.
    Genetics. 1992 Nov;132(3):737-53 PMID: 1334894
  40. A new member of the ras superfamily, the rac1 homologue from Caenorhabditis elegans. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA, pattern of developmental expression, and biochemical characterization of the protein.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 5;268(1):320-4 PMID: 7677998
  41. A protein kinase similar to MAP kinase activator acts downstream of the raf kinase in Drosophila.
    Cell. 1993 Feb 12;72(3):407-14 PMID: 8381718
  42. The fat facets gene is required for Drosophila eye and embryo development.
    Development. 1992 Dec;116(4):985-1000 PMID: 1295747
  43. An SH3-SH2-SH3 protein is required for p21Ras1 activation and binds to sevenless and Sos proteins in vitro.
    Cell. 1993 Apr 9;73(1):169-77 PMID: 8462097
  44. A Drosophila SH2-SH3 adaptor protein implicated in coupling the sevenless tyrosine kinase to an activator of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange, Sos.
    Cell. 1993 Apr 9;73(1):179-91 PMID: 8462098
  45. Molecular cloning and characterization of rho, a ras-related small GTP-binding protein from the garden pea.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Sep 15;90(18):8732-6 PMID: 8378356
  46. A gain-of-function mutation in Drosophila MAP kinase activates multiple receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
    Cell. 1994 Mar 11;76(5):875-88 PMID: 8124723
  47. A putative cell signal encoded by the folded gastrulation gene coordinates cell shape changes during Drosophila gastrulation.
    Cell. 1994 Mar 25;76(6):1075-89 PMID: 8137424
  48. The Drosophila rolled locus encodes a MAP kinase required in the sevenless signal transduction pathway.
    EMBO J. 1994 Apr 1;13(7):1628-35 PMID: 8157002
  49. Identification of an invasion-inducing gene, Tiam-1, that encodes a protein with homology to GDP-GTP exchangers for Rho-like proteins.
    Cell. 1994 May 20;77(4):537-49 PMID: 7999144
  50. Expression of Drosophila glass protein and evidence for negative regulation of its activity in non-neuronal cells by another DNA-binding protein.
    Development. 1993 Nov;119(3):855-65 PMID: 8187644
  51. Mutations in Hsp83 and cdc37 impair signaling by the sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase in Drosophila.
    Cell. 1994 Jul 1;77(7):1027-36 PMID: 8020093
  52. Expression of baculovirus P35 prevents cell death in Drosophila.
    Development. 1994 Aug;120(8):2121-9 PMID: 7925015
  53. Distinct morphogenetic functions of similar small GTPases: Drosophila Drac1 is involved in axonal outgrowth and myoblast fusion.
    Genes Dev. 1994 Aug 1;8(15):1787-802 PMID: 7958857
  54. Cell fate in the Drosophila ommatidium.
    Dev Biol. 1987 Sep;123(1):264-75 PMID: 17985474
  55. Neuronal differentiation in Drosophila ommatidium.
    Dev Biol. 1987 Apr;120(2):366-76 PMID: 17985475
Article Info
Journal
The EMBO journal
Abbr.
EMBO J
ISSN
0261-4189
Published
1995-01-16
Pages
292-302
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
8208664
PMCID
PMC398083
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
L38309, L38310, L38311
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2